Endoplasmic Reticulum Export Sites and Golgi Bodies Behave as
... ER together with the Golgi bodies, but movement does not influence the rate of cargo transport between these two organelles. Moreover, we could demonstrate using the drug brefeldin A that formation of ERES is strictly dependent on a functional retrograde transport route from the Golgi apparatus. ...
... ER together with the Golgi bodies, but movement does not influence the rate of cargo transport between these two organelles. Moreover, we could demonstrate using the drug brefeldin A that formation of ERES is strictly dependent on a functional retrograde transport route from the Golgi apparatus. ...
Mcm10: A Dynamic Scaffold at Eukaryotic Replication Forks
... well conserved than the central ID (Figures 1 and 3) [74,75]. Functionally, the NTD contributes to self-oligomerization and partner protein interaction [39,50]. Homocomplex formation of Xenopus and human Mcm10 clearly depends on the NTD [55,72,75]. A conserved coiled-coil (CC) domain within the NTD ...
... well conserved than the central ID (Figures 1 and 3) [74,75]. Functionally, the NTD contributes to self-oligomerization and partner protein interaction [39,50]. Homocomplex formation of Xenopus and human Mcm10 clearly depends on the NTD [55,72,75]. A conserved coiled-coil (CC) domain within the NTD ...
Further analysis on lidocaine-induced increase in intracellular Zn2+
... Milimolar concentrations (1–10 mM) of lidocaine significantly increased the intensity of FluoZin-3 in a concentration-dependent manner (Fig. 1). The result indicated the lidocaine-induced increase in intracellular Zn2+ concentration (Nishimura and Oyama, 2010; Kimura et al., 2011). Removal of extern ...
... Milimolar concentrations (1–10 mM) of lidocaine significantly increased the intensity of FluoZin-3 in a concentration-dependent manner (Fig. 1). The result indicated the lidocaine-induced increase in intracellular Zn2+ concentration (Nishimura and Oyama, 2010; Kimura et al., 2011). Removal of extern ...
AcmA of Lactococcus lactis is an N-acetylglucosaminidase
... containing either pGK13, not encoding AcmA (2), pGKAL1, encoding enzyme A3 (3), pGKAL3, encoding enzyme A2 (4), pGKAL4, encoding enzyme A1 (5), pGKAL5, encoding enzyme A0 (6), pGKAL6, encoding enzyme A1.5 (7), or pGKAL7, encoding enzyme A4 (8). Cell extracts and supernatant samples were separated in ...
... containing either pGK13, not encoding AcmA (2), pGKAL1, encoding enzyme A3 (3), pGKAL3, encoding enzyme A2 (4), pGKAL4, encoding enzyme A1 (5), pGKAL5, encoding enzyme A0 (6), pGKAL6, encoding enzyme A1.5 (7), or pGKAL7, encoding enzyme A4 (8). Cell extracts and supernatant samples were separated in ...
Increasing Fgf4 expression in the mouse limb bud
... animals displayed limb abnormalities, as described below, as well as hyperplasia of the eyelids, malformations of the external genitalia and other defects (not shown). These animals carrying the activated transgene (A-Tg) are described here in comparison with their ‘normal’ littermates, which were w ...
... animals displayed limb abnormalities, as described below, as well as hyperplasia of the eyelids, malformations of the external genitalia and other defects (not shown). These animals carrying the activated transgene (A-Tg) are described here in comparison with their ‘normal’ littermates, which were w ...
The mitochondrial compartment - Plant Mitochondrial dynamics
... Pcp1p genes are present in Arabidopsis: Mgm1p=members of the Arabidopsis dynamin-like gene family (Hong et al., 2003), the closest being DRP3B, At2g14120; Rbd1p/ Pcp1p=At1g18600. At the time of writing, only DRP3B has been shown to be required for normal mitochondrial morphology (Arimura and Tsutsum ...
... Pcp1p genes are present in Arabidopsis: Mgm1p=members of the Arabidopsis dynamin-like gene family (Hong et al., 2003), the closest being DRP3B, At2g14120; Rbd1p/ Pcp1p=At1g18600. At the time of writing, only DRP3B has been shown to be required for normal mitochondrial morphology (Arimura and Tsutsum ...
Chitin and Chitosan in Fungi - Wiley-VCH
... also Chapter 15, this volume). Frequently, GlcN is quantified by colorimetric methods in hydrolyzates of alkali-resistant fractions to determine the amounts of chitin and chitosan (Plassard, 1997). GlcN was also determined in acid hydrolyzates by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC ) of 9fl ...
... also Chapter 15, this volume). Frequently, GlcN is quantified by colorimetric methods in hydrolyzates of alkali-resistant fractions to determine the amounts of chitin and chitosan (Plassard, 1997). GlcN was also determined in acid hydrolyzates by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC ) of 9fl ...
Rho signaling pathway and apical constriction in the - ICB-USP
... through an increase in placodal cell death, we performed drug washout experiments. Embryos treated for 6 h with 2.5 lg ml21 CD that presented placodes arrested in the pre-invagination stage were rinsed with saline solution to remove CD and reincubated for further 12 h. After reincubation, 100% (n 5 ...
... through an increase in placodal cell death, we performed drug washout experiments. Embryos treated for 6 h with 2.5 lg ml21 CD that presented placodes arrested in the pre-invagination stage were rinsed with saline solution to remove CD and reincubated for further 12 h. After reincubation, 100% (n 5 ...
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... mechanisms similar to those used by vertebrates (Jiang et al., 2005; Munro and Odell, 2002b), and require an intact extracellular matrix (Veeman et al., 2008). Formation of intercellular lumens similar to vacuoles also contributes to notochord elongation (Dong et al., 2009; Miyamoto and Crowther, 19 ...
... mechanisms similar to those used by vertebrates (Jiang et al., 2005; Munro and Odell, 2002b), and require an intact extracellular matrix (Veeman et al., 2008). Formation of intercellular lumens similar to vacuoles also contributes to notochord elongation (Dong et al., 2009; Miyamoto and Crowther, 19 ...
Spiralian Development: A Perspective Seventy
... of primary enteroblasts posteriorly. The first bilateral cleavages thus appear suddenly at the 42-cell stage. It is not until the 68-cell stage that the mesoblasts are completely separated from the enteroblasts. Spiral cleavage of the quartet type does not necessarily involve two initial equal divis ...
... of primary enteroblasts posteriorly. The first bilateral cleavages thus appear suddenly at the 42-cell stage. It is not until the 68-cell stage that the mesoblasts are completely separated from the enteroblasts. Spiral cleavage of the quartet type does not necessarily involve two initial equal divis ...
A PP2A-B55 recognition signal controls substrate
... Hunt, 2012; Grallert et al., 2015). Although there has been considerable focus on understanding the regulatory networks controlling kinase and phosphatase activity (Novak et al., 2010; Ferrell, 2013), how individual substrates for the same pathway are differentially regulated is still poorly underst ...
... Hunt, 2012; Grallert et al., 2015). Although there has been considerable focus on understanding the regulatory networks controlling kinase and phosphatase activity (Novak et al., 2010; Ferrell, 2013), how individual substrates for the same pathway are differentially regulated is still poorly underst ...
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... death are unclear in most cases, they may involve the targeted destruction of factors required for cell survival (Yu et al., 2006). Future studies are required to understand the different contexts under which autophagy can promote either cell survival or destruction. Cell growth ...
... death are unclear in most cases, they may involve the targeted destruction of factors required for cell survival (Yu et al., 2006). Future studies are required to understand the different contexts under which autophagy can promote either cell survival or destruction. Cell growth ...
YEAST INFORMATION SHEET
... The typical yeast cell is a similar size to a human red blood cell and is spherical to ellipsoidal in shape. Due to its small size, it takes about 30 billion yeast cells to make up to one gram of compressed baker’s yeast. Yeast reproduces by budding, which is when a new bud grows from the side of an ...
... The typical yeast cell is a similar size to a human red blood cell and is spherical to ellipsoidal in shape. Due to its small size, it takes about 30 billion yeast cells to make up to one gram of compressed baker’s yeast. Yeast reproduces by budding, which is when a new bud grows from the side of an ...
1 MCM10 MEDIATES THE INTERACTION BETWEEN DNA
... 2003; DZIAK et al. 2003; EHRENHOFER-MURRAY et al. 1999; LIACHKO and TYE 2005; MCNALLY and RINE 1991; ZHANG et al. 2000). However, several studies have shown that DNA replication is not required for the establishment of silencing (KIRCHMAIER and RINE 2001; LAU et al. 2002; LI et al. 2001; MARTINS-TA ...
... 2003; DZIAK et al. 2003; EHRENHOFER-MURRAY et al. 1999; LIACHKO and TYE 2005; MCNALLY and RINE 1991; ZHANG et al. 2000). However, several studies have shown that DNA replication is not required for the establishment of silencing (KIRCHMAIER and RINE 2001; LAU et al. 2002; LI et al. 2001; MARTINS-TA ...
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... Fig. 1. Clathrin negatively regulates net pulling forces acting on centrosomes during centration/rotation and on spindle poles during anaphase. (A-G) Centration/rotation. (A,B) Centrosome position in wild-type (A) and chc-1(RNAi) (B) embryos monitored by time-lapse DIC microscopy. Centrosomes are ma ...
... Fig. 1. Clathrin negatively regulates net pulling forces acting on centrosomes during centration/rotation and on spindle poles during anaphase. (A-G) Centration/rotation. (A,B) Centrosome position in wild-type (A) and chc-1(RNAi) (B) embryos monitored by time-lapse DIC microscopy. Centrosomes are ma ...
Mathematical model predicts a critical role for osteoclast autocrine
... now widely used in exploratory modeling since it adequately describes the nonlinear nature of biological processes, but is sufficiently simple to be used with a wide range of analytical and computational techniques [18,19]. In our model, both osteoclasts and osteoblasts can produce local effectors c ...
... now widely used in exploratory modeling since it adequately describes the nonlinear nature of biological processes, but is sufficiently simple to be used with a wide range of analytical and computational techniques [18,19]. In our model, both osteoclasts and osteoblasts can produce local effectors c ...
Microtubule Independent Vesiculation of Golgi Membranes and the
... VGMs to form the Golgi complex. To test this NRK cells were treated with IQ to break down Golgi membranes into VGMs. The cells were then washed extensively to remove IQ. As previously shown (Fig. 4 A), VGMs assemble into a complex of Golgi stacks in the pericentriolar position after 2 h at 370C. How ...
... VGMs to form the Golgi complex. To test this NRK cells were treated with IQ to break down Golgi membranes into VGMs. The cells were then washed extensively to remove IQ. As previously shown (Fig. 4 A), VGMs assemble into a complex of Golgi stacks in the pericentriolar position after 2 h at 370C. How ...
ICAM-1 - The Journal of Cell Biology
... cytoplasmic amino acids in reverse order (ICAM-1,505-47s) and control peptide 4 were synthesized with the solid phase method (34). Peptides ICAM-1,47s_5os and ICAM-1,5os~tTS were synthesized with an Applied Bitsystems synthesizer (model 430; Applied Biosystems Inc., Foster City, CA) using small scal ...
... cytoplasmic amino acids in reverse order (ICAM-1,505-47s) and control peptide 4 were synthesized with the solid phase method (34). Peptides ICAM-1,47s_5os and ICAM-1,5os~tTS were synthesized with an Applied Bitsystems synthesizer (model 430; Applied Biosystems Inc., Foster City, CA) using small scal ...
Regulation of gene expression by Pax6 in ocular cells: a case of
... combined with gene-specific repression play major roles in establishing distinct cellular phenotypes by the virtue of selecting such genes that are needed for specialized function of individual ocular cells and tissues. Lens would be marked by the expression of proteins required for its transparency ...
... combined with gene-specific repression play major roles in establishing distinct cellular phenotypes by the virtue of selecting such genes that are needed for specialized function of individual ocular cells and tissues. Lens would be marked by the expression of proteins required for its transparency ...
Requirements for autosomal gene activity during
... Instead of the normal diploid arrangement in which the left and right arms of a given chromosome are attached to the same centromere, compound autosomes have both left arms attached to one centromere and both right arms attached to the other (Rasmussen, 1960). These individuals contain the normal ge ...
... Instead of the normal diploid arrangement in which the left and right arms of a given chromosome are attached to the same centromere, compound autosomes have both left arms attached to one centromere and both right arms attached to the other (Rasmussen, 1960). These individuals contain the normal ge ...
Deep Insight Section Mechanisms and regulation of autophagy in mammalian cells
... thus form the autophagosome (Nakatogawa et al., 2009). More recently it has been suggested that the mitochondrial outer membrane may be another source of the isolation membrane (Hailey et al., 2010). According to this scenario, the mitochondria-ER contact site provides the growing phagophore with li ...
... thus form the autophagosome (Nakatogawa et al., 2009). More recently it has been suggested that the mitochondrial outer membrane may be another source of the isolation membrane (Hailey et al., 2010). According to this scenario, the mitochondria-ER contact site provides the growing phagophore with li ...
β-catenin controls differentiation of the retinal pigment epithelium in
... the choroid. The RPE is vital for growth and function of the vertebrate eye and improper development results in congenital defects, such as microphthalmia or anophthalmia, or a change of cell fate into neural retina called transdifferentiation. The transcription factors microphthalmia-associated tra ...
... the choroid. The RPE is vital for growth and function of the vertebrate eye and improper development results in congenital defects, such as microphthalmia or anophthalmia, or a change of cell fate into neural retina called transdifferentiation. The transcription factors microphthalmia-associated tra ...
Photoactivatable GFP tagging cassettes for protein
... Yeast cell biologists use a variety of fluorescent protein tags for determining protein localization and for measuring protein dynamics using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Although many modern fluorescent proteins, such as those with photoactivatable and photoconvertible charact ...
... Yeast cell biologists use a variety of fluorescent protein tags for determining protein localization and for measuring protein dynamics using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Although many modern fluorescent proteins, such as those with photoactivatable and photoconvertible charact ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.