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... at the dorsal edge of the advancing epidermis play a central role in driving DC. In these dorsal-most epidermal (DME) cells, the actin cytoskeleton becomes planar polarized, with a contractile actomyosin cable and dynamic filopodial actin protrusions forming at the leading edge of each cell (Jacinto ...
... at the dorsal edge of the advancing epidermis play a central role in driving DC. In these dorsal-most epidermal (DME) cells, the actin cytoskeleton becomes planar polarized, with a contractile actomyosin cable and dynamic filopodial actin protrusions forming at the leading edge of each cell (Jacinto ...
Chapter 3
... (Outcome 3.4.8) 1. Cytoplasmic division begins in_________________________ and ends in _______________________________________________________ . (Outcome 3.4.8) 2. ________ are responsible for pinching the cytoplasm in half. (Outcome 3.4.8) 3. The resulting daughter cells have identical ____________ ...
... (Outcome 3.4.8) 1. Cytoplasmic division begins in_________________________ and ends in _______________________________________________________ . (Outcome 3.4.8) 2. ________ are responsible for pinching the cytoplasm in half. (Outcome 3.4.8) 3. The resulting daughter cells have identical ____________ ...
ftsZ mutations affecting cell division frequency, placement and
... hydrolysis, but its overall function is still unclear. This paper reports the development of a simple strategy to generate mutations in the essential division gene ftsZ. Nine novel and viable ftsZ mutants of Bacillus subtilis are described. Eight of the mutations would affect the C-terminus of FtsZ. ...
... hydrolysis, but its overall function is still unclear. This paper reports the development of a simple strategy to generate mutations in the essential division gene ftsZ. Nine novel and viable ftsZ mutants of Bacillus subtilis are described. Eight of the mutations would affect the C-terminus of FtsZ. ...
Reduced initiation frequency from oriC restores viability of a
... E. coli cells with reduced DnaA protein activity, due either to certain mutations in domain III or IV of the protein, or to the introduction of additional datA sites, initiate replication at an increased cell mass per origin. Initiations are often asynchronous, indicating that not all origins are in ...
... E. coli cells with reduced DnaA protein activity, due either to certain mutations in domain III or IV of the protein, or to the introduction of additional datA sites, initiate replication at an increased cell mass per origin. Initiations are often asynchronous, indicating that not all origins are in ...
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... upon global inhibition of Fgf signaling with the drug SU5402 (Crump et al., 2004a). However, insertion of Fgf8 into the Tbx1 locus fails to rescue Tbx1 mutant defects (Vitelli et al., 2006). Thus, loss of Fgf8 alone cannot account for the severe pouch defects seen in Tbx1 mutants. Indeed, a number o ...
... upon global inhibition of Fgf signaling with the drug SU5402 (Crump et al., 2004a). However, insertion of Fgf8 into the Tbx1 locus fails to rescue Tbx1 mutant defects (Vitelli et al., 2006). Thus, loss of Fgf8 alone cannot account for the severe pouch defects seen in Tbx1 mutants. Indeed, a number o ...
To grow or not to grow: what can we learn on ethylene
... elongation while ethylene most often leads to an inhibition of longitudinal expansion and promotes radial outgrowth (reviewed by Vandenbussche and Van Der Straeten, 2007). Insight into the mechanisms of hormonal interactions has expanded in recent years, often indicating cross-regulation of the stab ...
... elongation while ethylene most often leads to an inhibition of longitudinal expansion and promotes radial outgrowth (reviewed by Vandenbussche and Van Der Straeten, 2007). Insight into the mechanisms of hormonal interactions has expanded in recent years, often indicating cross-regulation of the stab ...
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... branching. Specifically, we chose to carry out RNAi screens to identify genes that regulate the branching of PVD neuron dendrites in C. elegans. PVD neurons are bilaterally symmetric nociceptors that respond to harsh mechanical stimuli and cold temperatures (Chatzigeorgiou et al., 2010; Way and Chal ...
... branching. Specifically, we chose to carry out RNAi screens to identify genes that regulate the branching of PVD neuron dendrites in C. elegans. PVD neurons are bilaterally symmetric nociceptors that respond to harsh mechanical stimuli and cold temperatures (Chatzigeorgiou et al., 2010; Way and Chal ...
An important role for glutathione and y
... of the degradation pathway of GSH (Jaspers et al., 1985 ; Jaspers & Penninckx, 1985), and is most probably responsible for the decrease in GSH (Figs 1 and 2). The effect of selective inhibition of GSH biosynthesis during nitrogen starvation was studied in order to evaluate the physiological implicat ...
... of the degradation pathway of GSH (Jaspers et al., 1985 ; Jaspers & Penninckx, 1985), and is most probably responsible for the decrease in GSH (Figs 1 and 2). The effect of selective inhibition of GSH biosynthesis during nitrogen starvation was studied in order to evaluate the physiological implicat ...
Pericentriolar material structure and dynamics
... Figure 2. Factors regulating PCM growth and final size. (a) Inhibition of PLK-1 kinase activity with the small molecule BI2436 reduces the incorporation of PCNT at centrosomes. Interestingly, inhibition of PLK-1 did not affect PCNT localization to the interphase centrosome. (Adapted from [42].) (b) ...
... Figure 2. Factors regulating PCM growth and final size. (a) Inhibition of PLK-1 kinase activity with the small molecule BI2436 reduces the incorporation of PCNT at centrosomes. Interestingly, inhibition of PLK-1 did not affect PCNT localization to the interphase centrosome. (Adapted from [42].) (b) ...
The Multiple Personalities of the Regulatory Subunit of Protein
... intriguing that CK2β has motifs that have been previously characterized as motifs that regulate cyclin degradation. For example, CK2 has a sequence resembling that of the nine amino acid motif called the destruction box that plays a key role in the specific degradation of cyclin B at the end of mito ...
... intriguing that CK2β has motifs that have been previously characterized as motifs that regulate cyclin degradation. For example, CK2 has a sequence resembling that of the nine amino acid motif called the destruction box that plays a key role in the specific degradation of cyclin B at the end of mito ...
Chediak-Higashi–Like Granules in Acute
... granule if formed. Many polygonal aggregates of small azure granules. Some clearing of cytoplasm (reduced total number of granules) can be seen. (A3) Fully developed CH-like granule in a leukemic promyelocyte. Other azure granules and, particularly, aggregates are not part of this granule. They foll ...
... granule if formed. Many polygonal aggregates of small azure granules. Some clearing of cytoplasm (reduced total number of granules) can be seen. (A3) Fully developed CH-like granule in a leukemic promyelocyte. Other azure granules and, particularly, aggregates are not part of this granule. They foll ...
Chato, a KRAB zinc-finger protein, regulates
... to identify recessive mutations that alter embryonic morphology at midgestation (Garcia-Garcia et al., 2005; see Materials and methods). chato mutant embryos arrested by E9.0 and remained unturned, with a short anterior-posterior body axis and an open gut tube (Fig. 1; see Fig. S1A,B in the suppleme ...
... to identify recessive mutations that alter embryonic morphology at midgestation (Garcia-Garcia et al., 2005; see Materials and methods). chato mutant embryos arrested by E9.0 and remained unturned, with a short anterior-posterior body axis and an open gut tube (Fig. 1; see Fig. S1A,B in the suppleme ...
estrogen receptor by cyclin D1 Ligand
... ER and cyclin D1 share a coactivator binding motif To study how cyclin D1 activates ER, cyclin D1 deletion mutants were tested for their effect on ER transactivation. Cos-7 cells were transfected with cyclin D1 mutants, together with ER and a luciferase reporter gene construct driven by a minimal TA ...
... ER and cyclin D1 share a coactivator binding motif To study how cyclin D1 activates ER, cyclin D1 deletion mutants were tested for their effect on ER transactivation. Cos-7 cells were transfected with cyclin D1 mutants, together with ER and a luciferase reporter gene construct driven by a minimal TA ...
Erythropoietin critically regulates the terminal
... staining indicates that EPO stimulated primitive erythroblasts have undergone one more cell division than EPOdeprived erythroblasts (Figure 4C, right panel). These data, taken together with cell cycle changes seen in vivo, indicate that EPO increases the proliferative capacity of maturing primitive ...
... staining indicates that EPO stimulated primitive erythroblasts have undergone one more cell division than EPOdeprived erythroblasts (Figure 4C, right panel). These data, taken together with cell cycle changes seen in vivo, indicate that EPO increases the proliferative capacity of maturing primitive ...
Live Imaging of Drosophila Brain Neuroblasts Reveals a Role for
... Lis1 is required for nuclear migration in fungi, cell cycle progression in mammals, and the formation of a folded cerebral cortex in humans. Lis1 binds dynactin and the dynein motor complex, but the role of Lis1 in many dynein/dynactindependent processes is not clearly understood. Here we generate a ...
... Lis1 is required for nuclear migration in fungi, cell cycle progression in mammals, and the formation of a folded cerebral cortex in humans. Lis1 binds dynactin and the dynein motor complex, but the role of Lis1 in many dynein/dynactindependent processes is not clearly understood. Here we generate a ...
1 PLASTID OSMOTIC STRESS INFLUENCES CELL
... This phenotype was not altered by growth on 2 µM NAA (Fig. 3B), indicating that NAA treatment ...
... This phenotype was not altered by growth on 2 µM NAA (Fig. 3B), indicating that NAA treatment ...
A three-stage model of Golgi structure and function
... but not always organized into polarized stacks (Mowbrey and Dacks 2009). Depending on the organism and cell type, a Golgi stack may contain as few as three or as many as 20 cisternae (Becker and Melkonian 1996; Mogelsvang et al. 2003; Rambourg and Clermont 1997). Most organisms have individual Golgi ...
... but not always organized into polarized stacks (Mowbrey and Dacks 2009). Depending on the organism and cell type, a Golgi stack may contain as few as three or as many as 20 cisternae (Becker and Melkonian 1996; Mogelsvang et al. 2003; Rambourg and Clermont 1997). Most organisms have individual Golgi ...
Cell Analogy
... The nucleus controls the cell’s functions and contains DNA. The castle controls the kingdom and contains the queen. DNA contains the instructions for making proteins and enzymes, which repair the cell and drive cell processes. The queen’s brain contains all the information needed to make decisions t ...
... The nucleus controls the cell’s functions and contains DNA. The castle controls the kingdom and contains the queen. DNA contains the instructions for making proteins and enzymes, which repair the cell and drive cell processes. The queen’s brain contains all the information needed to make decisions t ...
Engineering microfluidic concentration gradient generators for
... determining the concentration value of individual output streams in gradient generators such as the “Christmas tree” design. However, hydraulic circuit analysis does not account for the movement of solute species across adjacent output streams and does not describe the transport of solute species in ...
... determining the concentration value of individual output streams in gradient generators such as the “Christmas tree” design. However, hydraulic circuit analysis does not account for the movement of solute species across adjacent output streams and does not describe the transport of solute species in ...
Engineering microfluidic concentration gradient generators for
... determining the concentration value of individual output streams in gradient generators such as the “Christmas tree” design. However, hydraulic circuit analysis does not account for the movement of solute species across adjacent output streams and does not describe the transport of solute species in ...
... determining the concentration value of individual output streams in gradient generators such as the “Christmas tree” design. However, hydraulic circuit analysis does not account for the movement of solute species across adjacent output streams and does not describe the transport of solute species in ...
Cytoskeleton: What Does GTP Do for Septins? Dispatch
... that each septin subunit indeed binds a molecule of guanine nucleotide [6,7]. For all GTPases, understanding their biochemistry has hinged on understanding the role of GTP binding and hydrolysis, and it seems likely that the same will hold for septins. It is thus exciting that, as reported recently ...
... that each septin subunit indeed binds a molecule of guanine nucleotide [6,7]. For all GTPases, understanding their biochemistry has hinged on understanding the role of GTP binding and hydrolysis, and it seems likely that the same will hold for septins. It is thus exciting that, as reported recently ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.