43 Confocal and Multi-Photon Imaging of Living Embryos
... Confocal and Multi-Photon Imaging of Living Embryos • Chapter 43 ...
... Confocal and Multi-Photon Imaging of Living Embryos • Chapter 43 ...
CHAPTER 3: Early tissue patterning is recreated by MEFs in... Figure 5: Osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of MEFs cultured in
... Moreover, a dose-response inhibitory effect on the 3D-bilateral structure development can be observed when diluted concentrations of Staurosporine are added to the cultures (Figure 2 F). These results indicate that during this morphogenetic event the cell density increases not only by contraction bu ...
... Moreover, a dose-response inhibitory effect on the 3D-bilateral structure development can be observed when diluted concentrations of Staurosporine are added to the cultures (Figure 2 F). These results indicate that during this morphogenetic event the cell density increases not only by contraction bu ...
Cell cycle checkpoints in Caenorhabditis elegans
... Figure 25. par-2, par-3 and mpk-1 are dispensable for the S-phase checkpoint. .................... 60 Figure 26. par-5 is required for replication stress-induced cell cycle delay in the first embryonic division. ........................................................................................ ...
... Figure 25. par-2, par-3 and mpk-1 are dispensable for the S-phase checkpoint. .................... 60 Figure 26. par-5 is required for replication stress-induced cell cycle delay in the first embryonic division. ........................................................................................ ...
Cell regulation by the Apc protein Apc as master regulator of epithelia
... The first recognised function of Apc was its role in Wnt signalling [4,5]. This function is one of the driving forces for how mutations in Apc ensure that cells remain proliferative. Many of the molecular details of this pathway have been described extensively in many reviews [6]. Apc negatively ...
... The first recognised function of Apc was its role in Wnt signalling [4,5]. This function is one of the driving forces for how mutations in Apc ensure that cells remain proliferative. Many of the molecular details of this pathway have been described extensively in many reviews [6]. Apc negatively ...
12 October 2000
... so far suggests that the death adaptor modules usually mediate intrafamily interactions (that is, death domain/death domain, DED/DED and CARD/CARD). However, structural analyses show that there is enough surface area left on death domains, DEDs and CARDs to also interact with other proteins. Indeed, ...
... so far suggests that the death adaptor modules usually mediate intrafamily interactions (that is, death domain/death domain, DED/DED and CARD/CARD). However, structural analyses show that there is enough surface area left on death domains, DEDs and CARDs to also interact with other proteins. Indeed, ...
The EMBO Journal (2002) 21, 1704–1712
... noticed that, in the presence of Mdm2, the amount of overexpressed Tip60 was reduced. We thus intended to study whether this effect was specific for Tip60 and was not due to any effect on transcription or translation from the Tip60 expression vector. We transfected U2OS cells with CMV-driven express ...
... noticed that, in the presence of Mdm2, the amount of overexpressed Tip60 was reduced. We thus intended to study whether this effect was specific for Tip60 and was not due to any effect on transcription or translation from the Tip60 expression vector. We transfected U2OS cells with CMV-driven express ...
Diversification of epithelial adherens junctions with independent
... EGF-like (CE) domain, and the laminin globular-like (LG) domain (Oda and Tsukita 1999). All known nonchordate cadherins and chick cHz-cadherin have a domain complex called the primitive classic cadherin domain (PCCD) complex (Oda and Tsukita 1999; Oda et al. 2002) which consists of NC, CE, and LG do ...
... EGF-like (CE) domain, and the laminin globular-like (LG) domain (Oda and Tsukita 1999). All known nonchordate cadherins and chick cHz-cadherin have a domain complex called the primitive classic cadherin domain (PCCD) complex (Oda and Tsukita 1999; Oda et al. 2002) which consists of NC, CE, and LG do ...
The Developmental Capacity of Nuclei taken from Intestinal
... Eleven eggs with transplanted intestine nuclei were fixed during the first nuclear division, and 4 of these had apparently normal chromosomes but an abnormal achromatic apparatus with 3- or 4-polar spindles (Table 2). At least some chromosomes were present on each of the three or four metaphase plat ...
... Eleven eggs with transplanted intestine nuclei were fixed during the first nuclear division, and 4 of these had apparently normal chromosomes but an abnormal achromatic apparatus with 3- or 4-polar spindles (Table 2). At least some chromosomes were present on each of the three or four metaphase plat ...
The Aspergillus fumigatus cspA Gene Encoding a Repeat
... cspA (for cell surface protein A) encodes a repeat-rich glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell wall protein (CWP) in the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. The number of repeats in cspA varies among isolates, and this trait is used for typing closely related strains of A. fumigatus. We ...
... cspA (for cell surface protein A) encodes a repeat-rich glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell wall protein (CWP) in the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. The number of repeats in cspA varies among isolates, and this trait is used for typing closely related strains of A. fumigatus. We ...
Maternal and Zygotic Control of Zebrafish Dorsoventral Axial
... future egg. One key factor localized to the vegetal pole of the egg is a currently unidentified dorsal determinant(s), which acts to establish the dorsoventral axis of the embryo following its asymmetric translocation to embryonic marginal blastomeres. Thus, dorsoventral axis determination is linked ...
... future egg. One key factor localized to the vegetal pole of the egg is a currently unidentified dorsal determinant(s), which acts to establish the dorsoventral axis of the embryo following its asymmetric translocation to embryonic marginal blastomeres. Thus, dorsoventral axis determination is linked ...
Linköping University Post Print
... according to their active site amino acids, into cysteine (cathepsins B, C, F, H, K, L, O, S, V, W, and X), serine (cathepsins A and G), and aspartic cathepsins (cathepsins D and E) [3]. Cell death through apoptosis is tightly controlled by changes in protein expression, proteinprotein interactions, ...
... according to their active site amino acids, into cysteine (cathepsins B, C, F, H, K, L, O, S, V, W, and X), serine (cathepsins A and G), and aspartic cathepsins (cathepsins D and E) [3]. Cell death through apoptosis is tightly controlled by changes in protein expression, proteinprotein interactions, ...
Drosophila embryos close epithelial wounds using a combination of
... Actomyosin-powered purse string contraction is a mechanism common to multiple morphogenetic movements in a variety of organisms (Young et al., 1993; Williams-Masson et al., 1997; Vavylonis et al., 2008), and has been suggested to power wound closure in Drosophila embryonic epithelium wounds (Wood et ...
... Actomyosin-powered purse string contraction is a mechanism common to multiple morphogenetic movements in a variety of organisms (Young et al., 1993; Williams-Masson et al., 1997; Vavylonis et al., 2008), and has been suggested to power wound closure in Drosophila embryonic epithelium wounds (Wood et ...
Molecular evolution of the p53 network in reptiles
... unknown mechanism. Studies delving into this relationship between p53 and lifespan have focused on one of the pathways within the multi-pathway p53 network. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) network is a nutrient sensing molecular pathway that influences organismal aging. Inhibition of this n ...
... unknown mechanism. Studies delving into this relationship between p53 and lifespan have focused on one of the pathways within the multi-pathway p53 network. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) network is a nutrient sensing molecular pathway that influences organismal aging. Inhibition of this n ...
CELL WALLS OF GROWING PLANT CELLS
... cellulose microfibrils, cross-linked by xyloglucan and dispersed in a pectin matrix. It has been suggested that in the wall of growing plant cells, xyloglucan is bound to the rigid cellulose microfibrils by hydrogen bonds and holds the microfibrils together by forming molecular tethers, which is ref ...
... cellulose microfibrils, cross-linked by xyloglucan and dispersed in a pectin matrix. It has been suggested that in the wall of growing plant cells, xyloglucan is bound to the rigid cellulose microfibrils by hydrogen bonds and holds the microfibrils together by forming molecular tethers, which is ref ...
Rapid Movement of Microtubules in Axons
... the movements were often interrupted by prolonged pauses. The bouts of movement often persisted for many tens of micrometers, and the transitions between the moving and pausing states were often abrupt. The movements were also infrequent and bidirectional. On average, we observed one microtubule mov ...
... the movements were often interrupted by prolonged pauses. The bouts of movement often persisted for many tens of micrometers, and the transitions between the moving and pausing states were often abrupt. The movements were also infrequent and bidirectional. On average, we observed one microtubule mov ...
Core Transcriptional Regulatory Circuit Controlled by the
... regulatory complex it recruits to its direct target genes are clearly aberrant in DP thymocytes. By contrast, E-proteins act as homoor heterodimers to regulate gene expression (Kee, 2009) and are required for thymocyte development in a stage-specific manner (Bernard et al., 1998; Herblot et al., 200 ...
... regulatory complex it recruits to its direct target genes are clearly aberrant in DP thymocytes. By contrast, E-proteins act as homoor heterodimers to regulate gene expression (Kee, 2009) and are required for thymocyte development in a stage-specific manner (Bernard et al., 1998; Herblot et al., 200 ...
T cell co-stimulatory receptor CD28 is a primary target for
... 0.69 ± 0.09) (Fig. 1, Movie S1). Strong colocalization of PD-1 and CD28 began from the time of initial cell – bilayer contact (0 sec, Fig. 1B) and was sustained until the T cells fully spread (30 sec, Fig. 1B). The molecules moved centripetally and eventually became segregated into a canonical bull’ ...
... 0.69 ± 0.09) (Fig. 1, Movie S1). Strong colocalization of PD-1 and CD28 began from the time of initial cell – bilayer contact (0 sec, Fig. 1B) and was sustained until the T cells fully spread (30 sec, Fig. 1B). The molecules moved centripetally and eventually became segregated into a canonical bull’ ...
introduction to polyomaviruses
... Protein coding sequences are displayed as large arrows. Early transcripts encode small T-antigen (sT) and large T-antigen (LT) proteins. In most polyomaviruses for which transcript maps are available, additional T-antigen isoforms (not shown) are encoded by multiply spliced mRNAs. The late promoter ...
... Protein coding sequences are displayed as large arrows. Early transcripts encode small T-antigen (sT) and large T-antigen (LT) proteins. In most polyomaviruses for which transcript maps are available, additional T-antigen isoforms (not shown) are encoded by multiply spliced mRNAs. The late promoter ...
Intrinsic Regulation of Cambial Growth
... Intrinsic Regulation of Cambial Growth standing attitude that research unable to solve “real world” forestry problems in the short term falls within the realm of “toy research” (Horn 1880; Sprague and Sprague 1976). Some research areas relevant to secondary growth nevertheless have begun to flouris ...
... Intrinsic Regulation of Cambial Growth standing attitude that research unable to solve “real world” forestry problems in the short term falls within the realm of “toy research” (Horn 1880; Sprague and Sprague 1976). Some research areas relevant to secondary growth nevertheless have begun to flouris ...
Tcf3: a transcriptional regulator of axis induction in the early embryo
... repression can be alleviated by non-Wnt mechanisms is unknown. The human and mouse genomes each contain four Tcf genes, which are differentially expressed but encode proteins with highly homologous DNA binding domains and β-catenin interaction domains (Korinek et al., 1998b; Travis et al., 1991; van ...
... repression can be alleviated by non-Wnt mechanisms is unknown. The human and mouse genomes each contain four Tcf genes, which are differentially expressed but encode proteins with highly homologous DNA binding domains and β-catenin interaction domains (Korinek et al., 1998b; Travis et al., 1991; van ...
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... MscS and MscM are two additional mechanically gated channels in E. coli that show different pressure sensitivity, with MscM appearing less frequent in bacterial cells, compared with MscL and MscS, which are typically found in excess. MscS is relatively nonselective, displaying a slight preference fo ...
... MscS and MscM are two additional mechanically gated channels in E. coli that show different pressure sensitivity, with MscM appearing less frequent in bacterial cells, compared with MscL and MscS, which are typically found in excess. MscS is relatively nonselective, displaying a slight preference fo ...
PDF - Wiley Online Library
... phages k, 21 and T4 are prototypes of these classes, respectively. Experimental data on a couple of phages strongly suggest that the ‘holin functional unit’ may actually be formed by a complex of at least two different polypeptides rather than by a single protein (see below). Holins are late synthes ...
... phages k, 21 and T4 are prototypes of these classes, respectively. Experimental data on a couple of phages strongly suggest that the ‘holin functional unit’ may actually be formed by a complex of at least two different polypeptides rather than by a single protein (see below). Holins are late synthes ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.