Photoactivatable GFP tagging cassettes for protein
... Yeast cell biologists use a variety of fluorescent protein tags for determining protein localization and for measuring protein dynamics using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Although many modern fluorescent proteins, such as those with photoactivatable and photoconvertible charact ...
... Yeast cell biologists use a variety of fluorescent protein tags for determining protein localization and for measuring protein dynamics using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Although many modern fluorescent proteins, such as those with photoactivatable and photoconvertible charact ...
Evidence that FGF8 signalling from the midbrain
... embryo brains were dissected prior to in situ hybridization. Wholemount in situ hybridization was performed as described by Parr et al. (1993) and modified according to Knecht et al. (1995). Digoxigenin probes were synthesized using the Digoxigenin RNA Labeling Kit (Boehringer Mannheim). ELF-1 expre ...
... embryo brains were dissected prior to in situ hybridization. Wholemount in situ hybridization was performed as described by Parr et al. (1993) and modified according to Knecht et al. (1995). Digoxigenin probes were synthesized using the Digoxigenin RNA Labeling Kit (Boehringer Mannheim). ELF-1 expre ...
Cornell University, 1989 M.S. Environmental Engineering Stanford University, 1990
... for the two regions of the Sargasso Sea for March 1998 transect ............... 143 Fig. 7: Size spectra along a transect during March 1998........................................ 147 Fig. 8: Size spectra along a transect beginning in the Sargasso Sea and ...
... for the two regions of the Sargasso Sea for March 1998 transect ............... 143 Fig. 7: Size spectra along a transect during March 1998........................................ 147 Fig. 8: Size spectra along a transect beginning in the Sargasso Sea and ...
Brachyury and SMAD signalling collaboratively
... Genomic targets of BRA orthologues have previously been identified in zebrafish (Morley et al., 2009) and Xenopus embryos (Gentsch et al., 2013), and in mouse embryoid bodies (Evans et al., 2012; Lolas et al., 2014) using ChIP-chip or ChIP-seq approaches. Recently, BRA target genes were identified i ...
... Genomic targets of BRA orthologues have previously been identified in zebrafish (Morley et al., 2009) and Xenopus embryos (Gentsch et al., 2013), and in mouse embryoid bodies (Evans et al., 2012; Lolas et al., 2014) using ChIP-chip or ChIP-seq approaches. Recently, BRA target genes were identified i ...
Prox1 and fibroblast growth factor receptors form a
... DAVID categorizes differentially expressed genes (DEGs) into functionally related groups. However, it does not address the expression dynamics of DEGs in normal lens development – information that can provide additional insights into the significance of Prox1 in lens biology. Therefore, the effect o ...
... DAVID categorizes differentially expressed genes (DEGs) into functionally related groups. However, it does not address the expression dynamics of DEGs in normal lens development – information that can provide additional insights into the significance of Prox1 in lens biology. Therefore, the effect o ...
Physical and functional link of the leukemia
... far, it has been reported that AML1 is disrupted by other translocations such as t(3;21),3,4 t(12;21),5,6 and t(16;21).7,8 AML1 also has been found to be mutated in familial platelet disorder (FPD) associated with a predisposition to leukemia9 and in sporadic cases of AML and myelodysplastic syndrom ...
... far, it has been reported that AML1 is disrupted by other translocations such as t(3;21),3,4 t(12;21),5,6 and t(16;21).7,8 AML1 also has been found to be mutated in familial platelet disorder (FPD) associated with a predisposition to leukemia9 and in sporadic cases of AML and myelodysplastic syndrom ...
Multiple classes of yeast mutants are defective in vacuole
... INTRODUCTION Cell division requires the partitioning of each cytoplasmic organelle into the daughter cells (Palade, 1983; Warren and Wickner, 1996). For example, during mitosis in mammalian cells, the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and Golgi vesiculate and disperse throughout the cyto ...
... INTRODUCTION Cell division requires the partitioning of each cytoplasmic organelle into the daughter cells (Palade, 1983; Warren and Wickner, 1996). For example, during mitosis in mammalian cells, the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and Golgi vesiculate and disperse throughout the cyto ...
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... regulation vary by species. Pre-RC assembly begins with ORC loading onto presumptive origin DNA. Interestingly, ORC DNA binding—particularly in metazoan genomes—is largely independent of DNA sequence, but is highly influenced by local chromatin characteristics [26–28]. ORC recruits the Cdc6 protein ...
... regulation vary by species. Pre-RC assembly begins with ORC loading onto presumptive origin DNA. Interestingly, ORC DNA binding—particularly in metazoan genomes—is largely independent of DNA sequence, but is highly influenced by local chromatin characteristics [26–28]. ORC recruits the Cdc6 protein ...
Chapter 3: Cells
... (Outcome 3.14) 17. Telophase begins when ______________________________ . (Outcome 3.14) 18. In telophase, a nuclear envelope ______________________ . (Outcome 3.14) 19. In telophase, chromosomes begin to ___________________ . D. Cytoplasmic Division (Outcome 3.13) 1. Cytoplasmic division begins in ...
... (Outcome 3.14) 17. Telophase begins when ______________________________ . (Outcome 3.14) 18. In telophase, a nuclear envelope ______________________ . (Outcome 3.14) 19. In telophase, chromosomes begin to ___________________ . D. Cytoplasmic Division (Outcome 3.13) 1. Cytoplasmic division begins in ...
How autophagy both activates and inhibits cellular
... autophagy may modulate several targets that act in an opposite manner to regulate cellular senescence. Thus, autophagy inhibition could result in different outcomes depending on the timing, duration, or type of its inhibition. Our recent findings suggest this may in fact be the case. While exploring ...
... autophagy may modulate several targets that act in an opposite manner to regulate cellular senescence. Thus, autophagy inhibition could result in different outcomes depending on the timing, duration, or type of its inhibition. Our recent findings suggest this may in fact be the case. While exploring ...
Mitochondrial Dynamics in Mammals
... Mammals have two homologs of Fzo, termed mitofusin 1 (Mfn1) and mitofusin 2 (Mfn2). These proteins are 80% similar to each other and are broadly expressed in a wide range of cell types (Rojo et al., 2002; Santel et al., 2003). Most studies have described a uniform localization of human Mfn1 and Mfn2 ...
... Mammals have two homologs of Fzo, termed mitofusin 1 (Mfn1) and mitofusin 2 (Mfn2). These proteins are 80% similar to each other and are broadly expressed in a wide range of cell types (Rojo et al., 2002; Santel et al., 2003). Most studies have described a uniform localization of human Mfn1 and Mfn2 ...
Modeling the Mechanics of Cell Division: Influence of
... Many cell division processes have been conserved throughout evolution and are being revealed by studies on model organisms such as bacteria, yeasts, and protozoa. Cellular membrane constriction is one of these processes, observed almost universally during cell division. It happens similarly in all o ...
... Many cell division processes have been conserved throughout evolution and are being revealed by studies on model organisms such as bacteria, yeasts, and protozoa. Cellular membrane constriction is one of these processes, observed almost universally during cell division. It happens similarly in all o ...
Saliva of the Lyme Disease Vector, Lxodes dammini, Blocks
... period. Ticks may circumvent these problems via pharmacologically active components in their saliva which could aid in blood feeding (2, 3, and reviewed in 4). For example, the saliva of Ixodes dammini, the tick vector of the agent of Lyme disease, contains apyrase, PGE2, and prostacyclin which may ...
... period. Ticks may circumvent these problems via pharmacologically active components in their saliva which could aid in blood feeding (2, 3, and reviewed in 4). For example, the saliva of Ixodes dammini, the tick vector of the agent of Lyme disease, contains apyrase, PGE2, and prostacyclin which may ...
Compaction and segregation of sister chromatids via active loop
... First, the chromosomes are condensed into elongated structures that maintain the linear order, i.e. the order of genomic elements in the elongated chromosome resembles their order along the genome (Trask et al., 1993). Second, the compaction machinery is able to distinguish different chromosomes and ...
... First, the chromosomes are condensed into elongated structures that maintain the linear order, i.e. the order of genomic elements in the elongated chromosome resembles their order along the genome (Trask et al., 1993). Second, the compaction machinery is able to distinguish different chromosomes and ...
Biology I End-of-Course
... family relationships among individuals based on their DNA. D. The percentage of identical DNA within a species is high. This answer is not correct. Individuals within a species share a large percentage of their DNA, but there is still enough difference among individuals for this to be a useful techn ...
... family relationships among individuals based on their DNA. D. The percentage of identical DNA within a species is high. This answer is not correct. Individuals within a species share a large percentage of their DNA, but there is still enough difference among individuals for this to be a useful techn ...
Depletion of the co-chaperone CDC-37 reveals two
... Asymmetric cell division is a fundamental mechanism for generating cell diversity. The first division of the C. elegans zygote provides a unique opportunity to study the effects of polarity on the ability of a cell to divide asymmetrically into daughters with different fates. The par genes (partitio ...
... Asymmetric cell division is a fundamental mechanism for generating cell diversity. The first division of the C. elegans zygote provides a unique opportunity to study the effects of polarity on the ability of a cell to divide asymmetrically into daughters with different fates. The par genes (partitio ...
Targeted wild-type and jerker espins reveal a novel, WH2
... neuronal cell line, the mouse Neuro-2a neuroblastoma line, and in a subset (~10%) of transfected cells in primary rat hippocampal neuron cultures (Fig. 1D,E). Although observed occasionally in fully polarized hippocampal neurons, the large bundle was more commonly found in neuronal cells that were n ...
... neuronal cell line, the mouse Neuro-2a neuroblastoma line, and in a subset (~10%) of transfected cells in primary rat hippocampal neuron cultures (Fig. 1D,E). Although observed occasionally in fully polarized hippocampal neurons, the large bundle was more commonly found in neuronal cells that were n ...
Isolation and characterization of the Pin1/Ess1p homologue in
... and Mik1/Wee1 protein kinases. Mitotic entry requires dephosphorylation of these two residues by protein phosphatase, Cdc25. The activity and subcellular localization of Cdc25 are also controlled by phosphorylation. In interphase Cdc25 is sequestered in the cytoplasm in a hypophosphorylated, low act ...
... and Mik1/Wee1 protein kinases. Mitotic entry requires dephosphorylation of these two residues by protein phosphatase, Cdc25. The activity and subcellular localization of Cdc25 are also controlled by phosphorylation. In interphase Cdc25 is sequestered in the cytoplasm in a hypophosphorylated, low act ...
The Populus homeobox gene ARBORKNOX2 regulates
... KNOX gene regulation of secondary growth 1001 Compared with the cambium, the regulation of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) is increasingly well understood (Williams and Fletcher, 2005; Scheres, 2007). Class-I KNOX transcription factors are well characterized for their roles in regulating the SAM. T ...
... KNOX gene regulation of secondary growth 1001 Compared with the cambium, the regulation of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) is increasingly well understood (Williams and Fletcher, 2005; Scheres, 2007). Class-I KNOX transcription factors are well characterized for their roles in regulating the SAM. T ...
Carbon partitioning in sugarcane (Saccharum species)
... by apoplastic acid invertase into glucose and fructose. These in turn are transported by hexose carriers, with sucrose re-synthesis occurring in the cytoplasm prior to vacuolar storage (Figure 1). Transporters of the plasma membrane appear to play an important role not only in phloem loading and unl ...
... by apoplastic acid invertase into glucose and fructose. These in turn are transported by hexose carriers, with sucrose re-synthesis occurring in the cytoplasm prior to vacuolar storage (Figure 1). Transporters of the plasma membrane appear to play an important role not only in phloem loading and unl ...
Cell fate specification and polarisation in mouse preimplantation
... The primitive endoderm is an epithelium which arises from the inner cell mass during mammalian pre-implantation development. It faces the blastocoel cavity and later gives rise to the extraembryonic parietal and visceral endoderm. When mES cells are grown in suspension they form aggregates of differ ...
... The primitive endoderm is an epithelium which arises from the inner cell mass during mammalian pre-implantation development. It faces the blastocoel cavity and later gives rise to the extraembryonic parietal and visceral endoderm. When mES cells are grown in suspension they form aggregates of differ ...
Differential Auxin-Transporting Activities of PIN
... An intriguing question is how different PIN proteins have different subcellular polarities, which might be attributable to PIN-specific molecular properties, celltype-specific factors, or both. The different PIN subcellular polarities in different cell types seemingly indicate that cell-type-specifi ...
... An intriguing question is how different PIN proteins have different subcellular polarities, which might be attributable to PIN-specific molecular properties, celltype-specific factors, or both. The different PIN subcellular polarities in different cell types seemingly indicate that cell-type-specifi ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.