Nanoscale Architecture of Endoplasmic Reticulum Export Sites and
... that undergo changes in organization in the time range of seconds and even fractions of seconds. Thus, to preserve these membrane systems in their natural state for electron microscope (EM) analysis requires fixation methods that can stabilize cellular structures in a fraction of a second and proces ...
... that undergo changes in organization in the time range of seconds and even fractions of seconds. Thus, to preserve these membrane systems in their natural state for electron microscope (EM) analysis requires fixation methods that can stabilize cellular structures in a fraction of a second and proces ...
Study of the Biogenesis of the Golgi Apparatus in Plant Cells (植物
... (Uemura et al., 2004; Latijnhouwers et al., 2007; Sztul and Lupashin, 2009). ...
... (Uemura et al., 2004; Latijnhouwers et al., 2007; Sztul and Lupashin, 2009). ...
Cell Biology - Models NF
... immune defects. RelB KO -- develops normally, but has immune defects and changes in hematopoiesis. c-rel KO -- develops normally, but B cells and T cells are unresponsive to certain activating signals. ...
... immune defects. RelB KO -- develops normally, but has immune defects and changes in hematopoiesis. c-rel KO -- develops normally, but B cells and T cells are unresponsive to certain activating signals. ...
Polarization of the endomembrane system is an early event in fucoid
... endomembranes were less common. The percentage of zygotes with polar adhesive or polar endomembranes increased in tandem with time, and by 8 h AF over 80% of zygotes displayed rhizoid localization of both adhesive and endomembranes (Fig. 1b). There was no significant difference between endomembrane ...
... endomembranes were less common. The percentage of zygotes with polar adhesive or polar endomembranes increased in tandem with time, and by 8 h AF over 80% of zygotes displayed rhizoid localization of both adhesive and endomembranes (Fig. 1b). There was no significant difference between endomembrane ...
Actin Dynamics in Muscle Cells
... and are believed to be significantly less dynamic than the ones in other cell types. However, the exact mechanisms of the sarcomere assembly and turnover are largely unknown. Interestingly, although sarcomeric actin structures are believed to be relatively non-dynamic, many proteins promoting actin d ...
... and are believed to be significantly less dynamic than the ones in other cell types. However, the exact mechanisms of the sarcomere assembly and turnover are largely unknown. Interestingly, although sarcomeric actin structures are believed to be relatively non-dynamic, many proteins promoting actin d ...
Biology - Cellular, Molecular, Professional Emphasis (sample 4 Year Plan) 2011.doc
... Bio 341 Immunology (F) (3 cr) (if not used to fill preceding requirement) Bio 350 Electron Microscopy (F) (4 cr) (if not used to fill preceding requirement) Bio 354 Parasitology (S) (3 cr) Bio 374 Cell Immunology (3cr) (if not used to fill preceding requirement) Bio 389 Biotechnology (S) (3 cr) (if ...
... Bio 341 Immunology (F) (3 cr) (if not used to fill preceding requirement) Bio 350 Electron Microscopy (F) (4 cr) (if not used to fill preceding requirement) Bio 354 Parasitology (S) (3 cr) Bio 374 Cell Immunology (3cr) (if not used to fill preceding requirement) Bio 389 Biotechnology (S) (3 cr) (if ...
Achilles` heel of Grapevine Downy Mildew
... of resistant grapevine cultivars based on single resistance loci within the grapevine genome is an alternative strategy. However, due to the variability of Downy Mildew, these cultivars are not stably resistant and get already infected within one season. These limitations show that new strategies ar ...
... of resistant grapevine cultivars based on single resistance loci within the grapevine genome is an alternative strategy. However, due to the variability of Downy Mildew, these cultivars are not stably resistant and get already infected within one season. These limitations show that new strategies ar ...
A GH3-like Domain in Reaper Is Required for Mitochondrial
... SMAC, an IAP inhibitory protein that, in its cytoplasmically released form, carries an N-terminal IBM motif (23, 24). Like Reaper, HID, and Grim, SMAC can interfere with IAP-mediated caspase inhibition. However, unlike the fly IBM proteins, SMAC does not appear to be a potent cell killer, consistent ...
... SMAC, an IAP inhibitory protein that, in its cytoplasmically released form, carries an N-terminal IBM motif (23, 24). Like Reaper, HID, and Grim, SMAC can interfere with IAP-mediated caspase inhibition. However, unlike the fly IBM proteins, SMAC does not appear to be a potent cell killer, consistent ...
Altered morphology produced by ftsZ expression in
... lethal and leads to filamentation (Honrubia et al., 1998) whereas ftsZCg overexpression in E. coli leads to the creation of deleted and innocuous variants of FtsZCg (Honrubia et al., 2005). In order to study the effect of multiple copies of ftsZCg in C. glutamicum, the bifunctional plasmid pBZ81 [a ...
... lethal and leads to filamentation (Honrubia et al., 1998) whereas ftsZCg overexpression in E. coli leads to the creation of deleted and innocuous variants of FtsZCg (Honrubia et al., 2005). In order to study the effect of multiple copies of ftsZCg in C. glutamicum, the bifunctional plasmid pBZ81 [a ...
Vaucheria
... Ans. Vaucheria possesses all the essentials of a multicellular organism, but the cytoplasm and the numerous nuclei are not partitioned into distinct cells. The septa remain suppressed in the vegetative condition. They appear only during the formation of reproductive organs, or when the filament is i ...
... Ans. Vaucheria possesses all the essentials of a multicellular organism, but the cytoplasm and the numerous nuclei are not partitioned into distinct cells. The septa remain suppressed in the vegetative condition. They appear only during the formation of reproductive organs, or when the filament is i ...
"Yeast". - ResearchGate
... (UNIT 13.2). This ability to recover all four products of meiosis has allowed detailed genetic studies of recombination and gene conversion that are not possible in most other eukaryotic organisms. The existence of stable haploid and diploid states also facilitates classical mutational analysis, suc ...
... (UNIT 13.2). This ability to recover all four products of meiosis has allowed detailed genetic studies of recombination and gene conversion that are not possible in most other eukaryotic organisms. The existence of stable haploid and diploid states also facilitates classical mutational analysis, suc ...
Mechanisms of transport through the Golgi complex
... Fig. 3. (A) Vesicle budding and fusion. Activation of a small G protein (such as Arf1 or Sar1) (red) by the exchange of GDP for GTP results in the recruitment of a coat complex (blue) to the membrane by the GTP-bound form of the G protein. Membrane curvature and sorting of cargo (yellow) into the fo ...
... Fig. 3. (A) Vesicle budding and fusion. Activation of a small G protein (such as Arf1 or Sar1) (red) by the exchange of GDP for GTP results in the recruitment of a coat complex (blue) to the membrane by the GTP-bound form of the G protein. Membrane curvature and sorting of cargo (yellow) into the fo ...
Review The cellular functions of clathrin
... Second, X-ray analysis of crystals of part of the proximal leg (residues 1210–1516) revealed a right-handed superhelix of short α-helical zigzags [28]. By alignment, a motif termed the clathrin heavy chain repeat (CHCR) was identified consisting of five α-helix zigzags. As the linker in the distal l ...
... Second, X-ray analysis of crystals of part of the proximal leg (residues 1210–1516) revealed a right-handed superhelix of short α-helical zigzags [28]. By alignment, a motif termed the clathrin heavy chain repeat (CHCR) was identified consisting of five α-helix zigzags. As the linker in the distal l ...
Dual role of autophagy in HIV-1 replication and pathogenesis Open Access
... 513, Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-1270, USA ...
... 513, Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-1270, USA ...
Conditional expression of Mycobacterium smegmatis
... The genus Mycobacterium includes fast-growing species, with doubling times (d.t.) of between 2 and 3 h (Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium fortuitum) and 10 h (Mycobacterium avium–intracellulare complex), and slow-growing species, with d.t. of 24 h (Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacteriu ...
... The genus Mycobacterium includes fast-growing species, with doubling times (d.t.) of between 2 and 3 h (Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium fortuitum) and 10 h (Mycobacterium avium–intracellulare complex), and slow-growing species, with d.t. of 24 h (Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacteriu ...
Autophagy and pancreatitis
... impaired autophagy leads to cell pathology. For example, a major consequence of impaired autophagy is accumulation of damaged (e.g., uncoupled) mitochondria (26, 113). In particular, mitochondrial membrane permeabilization caused by various stressors results in ATP decrease, overproduction of reacti ...
... impaired autophagy leads to cell pathology. For example, a major consequence of impaired autophagy is accumulation of damaged (e.g., uncoupled) mitochondria (26, 113). In particular, mitochondrial membrane permeabilization caused by various stressors results in ATP decrease, overproduction of reacti ...
Induction of MicroRNA-1 by Myocardin in Smooth Muscle Cells
... myocardin-inducible SMCs, but not in control cells with empty vectors (Figure 1B and data not shown). Of note, after 3 days of Dox induction, the miR-1 level in cultured SMCs became comparable to that in intact carotid artery (Figure 1B). Subsequently, we used Northern blot assay to confirm the expr ...
... myocardin-inducible SMCs, but not in control cells with empty vectors (Figure 1B and data not shown). Of note, after 3 days of Dox induction, the miR-1 level in cultured SMCs became comparable to that in intact carotid artery (Figure 1B). Subsequently, we used Northern blot assay to confirm the expr ...
The versatility of mitochondrial calcium signals: From stimulation of
... receptors (also causing the production of IP3 through the activation of phospholipase C) [2]. An alternative route for raising [Ca2+]c depends on the opening of various classes of plasma membrane Ca2+ channels [3]. The concerted action of channels with distinct spatial distribution and kinetics of o ...
... receptors (also causing the production of IP3 through the activation of phospholipase C) [2]. An alternative route for raising [Ca2+]c depends on the opening of various classes of plasma membrane Ca2+ channels [3]. The concerted action of channels with distinct spatial distribution and kinetics of o ...
Hox Genes and Segmentation of the Hindbrain and Axial Skeleton
... The mammalian Hox cluster. (a) Depiction of a segmented vertebrate hindbrain displaying the rhombomeres and their associated cranial motor nerves. For clarity the cranial ganglia are displayed on only one side of the segmented hindbrain. Shown are the five most obvious ganglia (Vg-Xg) through which t ...
... The mammalian Hox cluster. (a) Depiction of a segmented vertebrate hindbrain displaying the rhombomeres and their associated cranial motor nerves. For clarity the cranial ganglia are displayed on only one side of the segmented hindbrain. Shown are the five most obvious ganglia (Vg-Xg) through which t ...
View - OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center
... the number of chromosomes is reduced to half the original number and hence it is termed as a reductional division. The diploid set of chromosomes is reduced to haploid. Meiosis is more complicated than mitosis and the division happens in two stages, meiosis I and meiosis II. The accurate replication ...
... the number of chromosomes is reduced to half the original number and hence it is termed as a reductional division. The diploid set of chromosomes is reduced to haploid. Meiosis is more complicated than mitosis and the division happens in two stages, meiosis I and meiosis II. The accurate replication ...
- Department of Biosystems Science and
... become enriched with the core transcription machinery [35], emphasizing the importance of Hsp90 in transcription beyond pausing. Given that Hsp90 plays a critical role in building the RNA pol II complex in cytosol [36], the chaperone may structurally assist paused or elongating pol II complex. Addit ...
... become enriched with the core transcription machinery [35], emphasizing the importance of Hsp90 in transcription beyond pausing. Given that Hsp90 plays a critical role in building the RNA pol II complex in cytosol [36], the chaperone may structurally assist paused or elongating pol II complex. Addit ...
Concomitant appearance of intrinsic
... (Thomas e t al., 1978; Mishra & Prasad, 1989), stressinduced proteins (Boucherie, 1985 ; Lindquist & Craig, 1988; BataillC e t al., 1991 ; Collinson & Dawes, 1992; Sanchez e t al. ,1992 ;Parsell e t al., 1993), glycerol and other polyols (Brown e t al., 1986; Reed e t al., 1987), and trehalose (Gadd ...
... (Thomas e t al., 1978; Mishra & Prasad, 1989), stressinduced proteins (Boucherie, 1985 ; Lindquist & Craig, 1988; BataillC e t al., 1991 ; Collinson & Dawes, 1992; Sanchez e t al. ,1992 ;Parsell e t al., 1993), glycerol and other polyols (Brown e t al., 1986; Reed e t al., 1987), and trehalose (Gadd ...
Survival in Animal Cells Requires ppGpp for Internalization and
... uptake of serovar Gallinarum into animal cells. Here, we demonstrate that among various serovar Gallinarum mutants, only ppGpp-defective serovar Gallinarum showed significantly reduced entry into several types of animal cells, suggesting that the factor(s) involved in animal cell entry is under the ...
... uptake of serovar Gallinarum into animal cells. Here, we demonstrate that among various serovar Gallinarum mutants, only ppGpp-defective serovar Gallinarum showed significantly reduced entry into several types of animal cells, suggesting that the factor(s) involved in animal cell entry is under the ...
Mcm10: A Dynamic Scaffold at Eukaryotic Replication Forks
... well conserved than the central ID (Figures 1 and 3) [74,75]. Functionally, the NTD contributes to self-oligomerization and partner protein interaction [39,50]. Homocomplex formation of Xenopus and human Mcm10 clearly depends on the NTD [55,72,75]. A conserved coiled-coil (CC) domain within the NTD ...
... well conserved than the central ID (Figures 1 and 3) [74,75]. Functionally, the NTD contributes to self-oligomerization and partner protein interaction [39,50]. Homocomplex formation of Xenopus and human Mcm10 clearly depends on the NTD [55,72,75]. A conserved coiled-coil (CC) domain within the NTD ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum Export Sites and Golgi Bodies Behave as
... ER together with the Golgi bodies, but movement does not influence the rate of cargo transport between these two organelles. Moreover, we could demonstrate using the drug brefeldin A that formation of ERES is strictly dependent on a functional retrograde transport route from the Golgi apparatus. ...
... ER together with the Golgi bodies, but movement does not influence the rate of cargo transport between these two organelles. Moreover, we could demonstrate using the drug brefeldin A that formation of ERES is strictly dependent on a functional retrograde transport route from the Golgi apparatus. ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.