Calcium and Plant Development - Labs
... pathway in plants , though, would not have to include a cAMP-dependent protein kinase, since a protein kinase that can change the affinity of another response element upon phosphorylation to Ca2+ would be sufficient. Ca2+ -dependent protein kinases have also been identified in plants. Some are solub ...
... pathway in plants , though, would not have to include a cAMP-dependent protein kinase, since a protein kinase that can change the affinity of another response element upon phosphorylation to Ca2+ would be sufficient. Ca2+ -dependent protein kinases have also been identified in plants. Some are solub ...
PDF - Blood Journal
... The platelet ␣IIb3 complex is a member of the integrin family of receptors, each of which is composed of an ␣ and a  subunit derived from separate genes. ␣IIb3 is important in platelet function, and both qualitative and quantitative disorders of ␣IIb3 result in the bleeding disorder Glanzmann th ...
... The platelet ␣IIb3 complex is a member of the integrin family of receptors, each of which is composed of an ␣ and a  subunit derived from separate genes. ␣IIb3 is important in platelet function, and both qualitative and quantitative disorders of ␣IIb3 result in the bleeding disorder Glanzmann th ...
Stepwise Activation of BAX and BAK by tBID, BIM, and PUMA
... the conformational change associated with mitochondrial targeting rather than homo-oligomerization. More importantly, our data indicate that mitochondrial targeting and homo-oligomerization are two separable, distinct steps of BAX activation. Homo-oligomerization of BAX is apparently not required fo ...
... the conformational change associated with mitochondrial targeting rather than homo-oligomerization. More importantly, our data indicate that mitochondrial targeting and homo-oligomerization are two separable, distinct steps of BAX activation. Homo-oligomerization of BAX is apparently not required fo ...
C/EBPα triggers proteasome‐dependent degradation of cdk4 during
... 1999; Wang et al., 2001). It has also been shown that C/EBPa interacts with Rb and p107 and is able to affect E2F binding through the regulation of E2F±Rb complexes (Chen et al., 1996; Timchenko et al., 1999). Taken together, these observations suggested multiple pathways by which C/EBPa can potenti ...
... 1999; Wang et al., 2001). It has also been shown that C/EBPa interacts with Rb and p107 and is able to affect E2F binding through the regulation of E2F±Rb complexes (Chen et al., 1996; Timchenko et al., 1999). Taken together, these observations suggested multiple pathways by which C/EBPa can potenti ...
Calcium at Fertilization and in Early Development
... can point to the ready examples of muscle contraction and synaptic transmission when explaining how a calcium signal works and what it does. If we include the heart in the list, then the three examples contain all the elements that make up calcium signaling systems: transmembrane calcium fluxes modu ...
... can point to the ready examples of muscle contraction and synaptic transmission when explaining how a calcium signal works and what it does. If we include the heart in the list, then the three examples contain all the elements that make up calcium signaling systems: transmembrane calcium fluxes modu ...
PKC regulates the hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes through
... sufficient functions of selected PKC isozymes in regulating hypertrophic growth. Western blotting was performed from AdPKC-, AdPKCII-, AdPKC-, or AdPKC-infected cardiomyocytes to verify the integrity of each PKC isozyme– encoding adenovirus, to quantify overexpression levels, and to evaluate ant ...
... sufficient functions of selected PKC isozymes in regulating hypertrophic growth. Western blotting was performed from AdPKC-, AdPKCII-, AdPKC-, or AdPKC-infected cardiomyocytes to verify the integrity of each PKC isozyme– encoding adenovirus, to quantify overexpression levels, and to evaluate ant ...
Interrelations between translation and general mRNA degradation in
... Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden Conflict of interest: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article. ...
... Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden Conflict of interest: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article. ...
Decision making by p53: life, death and cancer
... Over a decade ago, it was appreciated that the p53 protein is the product of a pivotal tumor-suppressor gene, whose inactivation is implicated in a high percentage of individual cases of human cancer.1 Since then, p53 has become the focus of intensive research, basic as well as clinical. This has le ...
... Over a decade ago, it was appreciated that the p53 protein is the product of a pivotal tumor-suppressor gene, whose inactivation is implicated in a high percentage of individual cases of human cancer.1 Since then, p53 has become the focus of intensive research, basic as well as clinical. This has le ...
Substrate specificity and inhibitors of LRRK2, a protein kinase
... protein kinase inhibitors staurosporine (IC50 2 nM), K252 (IC50 4 nM) and Su-11248/sunitinib (IC50 15 nM) [7,8], no selective LRRK2 inhibitors have been reported thus far. We previously undertook a KESTREL (kinase substrate tracking and elucidation) screen in rat brain extracts to identify proteins ...
... protein kinase inhibitors staurosporine (IC50 2 nM), K252 (IC50 4 nM) and Su-11248/sunitinib (IC50 15 nM) [7,8], no selective LRRK2 inhibitors have been reported thus far. We previously undertook a KESTREL (kinase substrate tracking and elucidation) screen in rat brain extracts to identify proteins ...
life cycle, cell wall and cell signal transduction
... organism was initially classified as a protozoan, but there was ongoing controversy in the subsequent decades about whether to classify it as a protozoan or fungus (Chabe et al. 2011). The advent of gene sequencing techniques in the late 1980s finally settled the debate. In 1988, sequencing of the r ...
... organism was initially classified as a protozoan, but there was ongoing controversy in the subsequent decades about whether to classify it as a protozoan or fungus (Chabe et al. 2011). The advent of gene sequencing techniques in the late 1980s finally settled the debate. In 1988, sequencing of the r ...
SURVEY AND SUMMARY H1 histones
... replication-dependent H1 genes lack a poly(A) tail and introns commonly observed in other protein-coding genes (85,86). Alternatively, somatic H1 genes contain a 30 stem-loop sequence allowing for rapid translation during DNA replication, while permitting tight regulation of gene expression after th ...
... replication-dependent H1 genes lack a poly(A) tail and introns commonly observed in other protein-coding genes (85,86). Alternatively, somatic H1 genes contain a 30 stem-loop sequence allowing for rapid translation during DNA replication, while permitting tight regulation of gene expression after th ...
Cbp3–Cbp6 interacts with the yeast mitochondrial ribosomal tunnel
... products. (B) Cbp3 can be cross-linked to newly synthesized cytochrome b. Translation products of mitochondria isolated from wild-type or cbp3his7 cells were labeled with [35S]methionine in the presence of the cleavable cross-linking reagent DSP and purified on Ni-NTA beads. The samples were analyze ...
... products. (B) Cbp3 can be cross-linked to newly synthesized cytochrome b. Translation products of mitochondria isolated from wild-type or cbp3his7 cells were labeled with [35S]methionine in the presence of the cleavable cross-linking reagent DSP and purified on Ni-NTA beads. The samples were analyze ...
PDF
... 2004). In addition, peak levels of Hh promote Smo hyperphosphorylation that is modulated by a feedback loop involving downstream components Cos2 and Fused (Fu) (Claret et al., 2007; Liu et al., 2007). Activated Smo blocks CiFL phosphorylation and proteolytic processing required for generating CiREP, ...
... 2004). In addition, peak levels of Hh promote Smo hyperphosphorylation that is modulated by a feedback loop involving downstream components Cos2 and Fused (Fu) (Claret et al., 2007; Liu et al., 2007). Activated Smo blocks CiFL phosphorylation and proteolytic processing required for generating CiREP, ...
The Epigenetic Pathways to Ribosomal DNA Silencing
... arrow indicates the transcription start site (TSS) of the pre-rRNA. All nucleotide numbers are relative to the first nucleotide of the TSS (position "1). The enhancer element (E) and RFB are located near the 3= end of the 25S rDNA in NTS1. The cohesin-associated region (CAR) and ARS are found in NTS ...
... arrow indicates the transcription start site (TSS) of the pre-rRNA. All nucleotide numbers are relative to the first nucleotide of the TSS (position "1). The enhancer element (E) and RFB are located near the 3= end of the 25S rDNA in NTS1. The cohesin-associated region (CAR) and ARS are found in NTS ...
Supplementary Table 1
... Inspection of the microarray data from the Velcade analysis indicates that proteasome inhibition significantly (>2x) depressed the transcription of ~80 Gcn4 targets 2. Dozens of additional Gcn4 targets were down-regulated 1-2-fold. Supplementary Discussion for Figure S2 ChIP analysis of Gal4 was per ...
... Inspection of the microarray data from the Velcade analysis indicates that proteasome inhibition significantly (>2x) depressed the transcription of ~80 Gcn4 targets 2. Dozens of additional Gcn4 targets were down-regulated 1-2-fold. Supplementary Discussion for Figure S2 ChIP analysis of Gal4 was per ...
Negative regulators of integrin activity - Journal of Cell Science
... At least 17 PTB domain proteins interact with integrin-b tails (Calderwood et al., 2003). The PTB domains of tensins 1–4, numb and docking protein 1 (DOK1) bind to the same membraneproximal NPxY motif in integrins as talin and are thus expected to compete with talin for integrin binding (Fig. 3). Ho ...
... At least 17 PTB domain proteins interact with integrin-b tails (Calderwood et al., 2003). The PTB domains of tensins 1–4, numb and docking protein 1 (DOK1) bind to the same membraneproximal NPxY motif in integrins as talin and are thus expected to compete with talin for integrin binding (Fig. 3). Ho ...
The p57 CDKi integrates stress signals into cellcycle progression to
... In contrast, the p57T143A mutant was not phosphorylated by p38 (Figure 3A). Importantly, incubation of the cells with the p38 SAPK inhibitor SB203580 precluded p57 phosphorylation indicating that in vivo p57 phosphorylation required p38 activation (Figure 3B). To rule out that p57 phosphorylation wa ...
... In contrast, the p57T143A mutant was not phosphorylated by p38 (Figure 3A). Importantly, incubation of the cells with the p38 SAPK inhibitor SB203580 precluded p57 phosphorylation indicating that in vivo p57 phosphorylation required p38 activation (Figure 3B). To rule out that p57 phosphorylation wa ...
New insights into regulation of p53 protein degradation
... Mdm2 activity and ubiquitination-dependent pathway [38, 40]. Further study suggested that NQO1 associates with the 20S proteasome, and that it prevents the degradation of proteins with unstructured regions, such as p53, p73 [33, 41], leads to stabilization of p53 and cellular protection [36]. Protei ...
... Mdm2 activity and ubiquitination-dependent pathway [38, 40]. Further study suggested that NQO1 associates with the 20S proteasome, and that it prevents the degradation of proteins with unstructured regions, such as p53, p73 [33, 41], leads to stabilization of p53 and cellular protection [36]. Protei ...
TFIIH Plays an Essential Role in RNA Polymerase I Transcription
... TIF-IB. When assayed in the presence of TIF-IBIIH, however, transcriptional activity of TFIIH-deficient Pol I compared to that of Pol IIIH, indicating that specific Pol I transcription requires the presence of TFIIH. As a second approach to compare the activity of TFIIH-deficient and TFIIH-containin ...
... TIF-IB. When assayed in the presence of TIF-IBIIH, however, transcriptional activity of TFIIH-deficient Pol I compared to that of Pol IIIH, indicating that specific Pol I transcription requires the presence of TFIIH. As a second approach to compare the activity of TFIIH-deficient and TFIIH-containin ...
Review Article Bifurcation theory and cardiac arrhythmias
... nonlinear dynamical systems including the electrical activity of cardiac myocyte [1, 2]. A nonlinear system, unlike a linear one, is a system whose output is not proportional to the input, and bifurcation is said to occur when a small change made to the system’s parameter value(s) causes a dramatic ...
... nonlinear dynamical systems including the electrical activity of cardiac myocyte [1, 2]. A nonlinear system, unlike a linear one, is a system whose output is not proportional to the input, and bifurcation is said to occur when a small change made to the system’s parameter value(s) causes a dramatic ...
Glycogen Synthase Sensitivity to Insulin and Glucose-6
... clone analyzed in Table 1 increased the total enzyme activity (+glucose-6-phosphate) >30-fold in the pellet fraction of the Rat-1 cells (activity of endogenous glycogen synthase in the pellets from control clones is ~1.8 nmol · min–1 · mg–1). There was significant variability in the absolute levels ...
... clone analyzed in Table 1 increased the total enzyme activity (+glucose-6-phosphate) >30-fold in the pellet fraction of the Rat-1 cells (activity of endogenous glycogen synthase in the pellets from control clones is ~1.8 nmol · min–1 · mg–1). There was significant variability in the absolute levels ...
Posttranslational Modification of MDM2
... standpoint, a S395D mutant (where the substitution of asp for ser was carried out to mimic the negative charge provided by a phosphate) could only degrade p53 weakly in comparison to wild-type MDM2 or a S395A mutant, and was unable to promote nuclear export of p53. These data are consistent with a m ...
... standpoint, a S395D mutant (where the substitution of asp for ser was carried out to mimic the negative charge provided by a phosphate) could only degrade p53 weakly in comparison to wild-type MDM2 or a S395A mutant, and was unable to promote nuclear export of p53. These data are consistent with a m ...
Dominant-Negative Receptor Uncovers
... mutations may not have an erecta-like phenotype; instead, they may display no phenotype at all, a subset of the erecta phenotypes, more severe phenotypes, or even be lethal. From the same genetic screen, erecta-like4 (elk4) was identified as a silique-specific genetic interactor of erecta, suggestin ...
... mutations may not have an erecta-like phenotype; instead, they may display no phenotype at all, a subset of the erecta phenotypes, more severe phenotypes, or even be lethal. From the same genetic screen, erecta-like4 (elk4) was identified as a silique-specific genetic interactor of erecta, suggestin ...
Complex Degradation Processes Lead to Non
... framework, into which one can incorporate additional molecular details about specific degradation mechanisms. Experimentally, the decay patterns are often determined by the measurement of the decaying average amount of each mRNA species at steady state expression, in a cell culture after the interru ...
... framework, into which one can incorporate additional molecular details about specific degradation mechanisms. Experimentally, the decay patterns are often determined by the measurement of the decaying average amount of each mRNA species at steady state expression, in a cell culture after the interru ...
TATA BINDING PROTEIN AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS ... TRANSCRIPTION: CHARACTERIZATION OF THE B-TFIID ACTIVITY
... disease states. This control is exerted at a number of steps along the path from DNAto protein, including the transcription, processing, transport and translation of RNA. Regulation of these steps involves the complicated interplay between nucleic acids and proteins. This thesis describes a biochemi ...
... disease states. This control is exerted at a number of steps along the path from DNAto protein, including the transcription, processing, transport and translation of RNA. Regulation of these steps involves the complicated interplay between nucleic acids and proteins. This thesis describes a biochemi ...
Biochemical switches in the cell cycle
A series of biochemical switches control transitions between and within the various phases of the cell cycle. The cell cycle is a series of complex, ordered, sequential events that control how a single cell divides into two cells, and involves several different phases. The phases include the G1 and G2 phases, DNA replication or S phase, and the actual process of cell division, mitosis or M phase. During the M phase, the chromosomes separate and cytokinesis occurs.The switches maintain the orderly progression of the cell cycle and act as checkpoints to ensure that each phase has been properly completed before progression to the next phase. For example, Cdk, or cyclin dependent kinase, is a major control switch for the cell cycle and it allows the cell to move from G1 to S or G2 to M by adding phosphate to protein substrates. Such multi-component (involving multiple inter-linked proteins) switches have been shown to generate decisive, robust (and potentially irreversible) transitions and trigger stable oscillations. As a result, they are a subject of active research that tries to understand how such complex properties are wired into biological control systems.