Actin machinery: pushing the envelope Gary G Borisy* and Tatyana
... Different species of microbial pathogens apparently have individualized strategies, taking over the actinbased machinery by intervening at different steps in the overall process. Remarkably, the molecules involved in microbial rocketing have proved also to be involved in lamellipodial and filopodial ...
... Different species of microbial pathogens apparently have individualized strategies, taking over the actinbased machinery by intervening at different steps in the overall process. Remarkably, the molecules involved in microbial rocketing have proved also to be involved in lamellipodial and filopodial ...
C-terminal processing of yeast Spt7 occurs in the absence of
... are required for its integrity, forming an interface between TAFs and other SAGA-specific components [19]. The additional Spt proteins, Spt3 and Spt8 are involved in direct interactions with TBP [3,22-25]. Tra1, a 437 kDa, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase related protein [26,27] is found at the periphe ...
... are required for its integrity, forming an interface between TAFs and other SAGA-specific components [19]. The additional Spt proteins, Spt3 and Spt8 are involved in direct interactions with TBP [3,22-25]. Tra1, a 437 kDa, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase related protein [26,27] is found at the periphe ...
The TRAPP Complex: Insights into its Architecture and
... structure, Ypt1p is proximal to three domains of Trs23p (residues 10–15, 31–46 and 199–203), one a-helix of Bet5p and the C-termini of both of the Bet3p subunits present in this complex (referred to as Bet3p-A and Bet3p-B) (Figure 2). Based on the difference between the five-subunit structure and th ...
... structure, Ypt1p is proximal to three domains of Trs23p (residues 10–15, 31–46 and 199–203), one a-helix of Bet5p and the C-termini of both of the Bet3p subunits present in this complex (referred to as Bet3p-A and Bet3p-B) (Figure 2). Based on the difference between the five-subunit structure and th ...
The TSC1–TSC2 complex: a molecular switchboard controlling cell
... complexes that coexist in cells from yeast to humans [31] (Figure 1B). The best characterized of the two complexes is TORC1 (TOR complex 1), which comprises TOR, Raptor [regulatory associated protein of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin)] and LST8 (lethal with SEC13 protein 8). TORC2 is comprised ...
... complexes that coexist in cells from yeast to humans [31] (Figure 1B). The best characterized of the two complexes is TORC1 (TOR complex 1), which comprises TOR, Raptor [regulatory associated protein of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin)] and LST8 (lethal with SEC13 protein 8). TORC2 is comprised ...
A role for actin in regulating apoptosis/programmed cell death
... The production of ROS (reactive oxygen species) from the electron transport chain of the mitochondria is also a key element of many apoptosis/PCD pathways. Loss of mitochondrial function, involving a decrease of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and ROS production, is a central component of apop ...
... The production of ROS (reactive oxygen species) from the electron transport chain of the mitochondria is also a key element of many apoptosis/PCD pathways. Loss of mitochondrial function, involving a decrease of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and ROS production, is a central component of apop ...
ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: GENETIC REGULATION OF AUTOPHAGIC CELL... Sudeshna Dutta, Doctor of Philosophy, 2008
... between cell growth, division and death can cause a variety of disorders including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases (Thompson, 1995). While the relationship between the cell cycle and cell death has been intensely studied, the relationship between cell growth and cell death is not that well cha ...
... between cell growth, division and death can cause a variety of disorders including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases (Thompson, 1995). While the relationship between the cell cycle and cell death has been intensely studied, the relationship between cell growth and cell death is not that well cha ...
Isoform 5 of PIPKIc regulates the endosomal trafficking and
... absent (Fig. 2A,B). Furthermore, the levels of endogenous Ncadherin and transferrin receptor (TfnR) were unaffected by the expression of either SNX5 or PIPKIci5, indicating that a general change in protein degradation was not occurring in these cells. To determine whether these observations were due ...
... absent (Fig. 2A,B). Furthermore, the levels of endogenous Ncadherin and transferrin receptor (TfnR) were unaffected by the expression of either SNX5 or PIPKIci5, indicating that a general change in protein degradation was not occurring in these cells. To determine whether these observations were due ...
Cdc6 in S phase in human cells - Journal of Cell Science
... regulate Cdc6 levels using leptomycin B, a potent inhibitor of Crm1-dependent export (Nishi et al., 1994). In several immunofluorescence experiments with this drug, we detected no increase in protein in the nucleus (Fig. 1A, +leptomycin B) implying that in late G1, nuclear protein export does not co ...
... regulate Cdc6 levels using leptomycin B, a potent inhibitor of Crm1-dependent export (Nishi et al., 1994). In several immunofluorescence experiments with this drug, we detected no increase in protein in the nucleus (Fig. 1A, +leptomycin B) implying that in late G1, nuclear protein export does not co ...
Toll-like receptors: resent advances, open questions and
... Macrophages lacking TLR2 or wild type macrophages preincubated with a blocking TLR2-specific monoclonal antibody showed reduced effciency of phagocytosis of A. fumigatus conidia. ...
... Macrophages lacking TLR2 or wild type macrophages preincubated with a blocking TLR2-specific monoclonal antibody showed reduced effciency of phagocytosis of A. fumigatus conidia. ...
Thesis - KI Open Archive
... plasmid maintenance (Newlon, 1988). At each origin, ORC, together with the help of the licensing factors Cdc6 and Cdt1, loads two copies of the inactive hexameric helicase Mcm27, in a reaction called origin licensing (Evrin et al., 2009; Remus et al., 2009). These factors make up the pre-replication ...
... plasmid maintenance (Newlon, 1988). At each origin, ORC, together with the help of the licensing factors Cdc6 and Cdt1, loads two copies of the inactive hexameric helicase Mcm27, in a reaction called origin licensing (Evrin et al., 2009; Remus et al., 2009). These factors make up the pre-replication ...
Full-Text PDF
... By following individual labeled proteins, Ticau et al. showed Cdt1 and Cdc6 release between the two rounds of MCM loading. This rapid shuttling between the bound and soluble states for both Cdt1 and Cdc6 suggests that each molecule could participate in many origin licensing events. Perhaps for this ...
... By following individual labeled proteins, Ticau et al. showed Cdt1 and Cdc6 release between the two rounds of MCM loading. This rapid shuttling between the bound and soluble states for both Cdt1 and Cdc6 suggests that each molecule could participate in many origin licensing events. Perhaps for this ...
Glycoprotein IIIa Is Phosphorylated in Intact Human
... 1). The purified material was essentially homogeneous (Fig 1, lane 1). Only one component of the complex was phosphorylated. This was identified as G P IIIa (lanes 2 and 4) on the basis of its co-electrophoresis with iodinated G P IIIa (lanes 3 and 5) from the purified G P IIb-IIIa complex. The poss ...
... 1). The purified material was essentially homogeneous (Fig 1, lane 1). Only one component of the complex was phosphorylated. This was identified as G P IIIa (lanes 2 and 4) on the basis of its co-electrophoresis with iodinated G P IIIa (lanes 3 and 5) from the purified G P IIb-IIIa complex. The poss ...
1 - Utrecht University Repository
... dynamic equilibrium, and the conformational change that mediates the transition from the low-affinity state to the intermediate-/high-affinity state is called ‘integrin activation’. Integrin activation can be induced by inside-out signals. After ligand binding, outside-in signals are generated, whic ...
... dynamic equilibrium, and the conformational change that mediates the transition from the low-affinity state to the intermediate-/high-affinity state is called ‘integrin activation’. Integrin activation can be induced by inside-out signals. After ligand binding, outside-in signals are generated, whic ...
Keystone Standards
... incomplete dominance, sex-linked, polygenic, and multiple alleles). BIO.B.2. 1.2. Describe processes that can alter composition or number of chromosomes (i.e., crossing-over, nondisjunction, duplication, translocation, deletion, insertion, and inversion). BIO.B.2. 2. Explain the process of protein s ...
... incomplete dominance, sex-linked, polygenic, and multiple alleles). BIO.B.2. 1.2. Describe processes that can alter composition or number of chromosomes (i.e., crossing-over, nondisjunction, duplication, translocation, deletion, insertion, and inversion). BIO.B.2. 2. Explain the process of protein s ...
Introduction to Baking
... • Laminated doughs and flaky pastries rely heavily on air for leavening: – they contain large gaps of air, when chunks of fat melt. ...
... • Laminated doughs and flaky pastries rely heavily on air for leavening: – they contain large gaps of air, when chunks of fat melt. ...
Cytoskeleton: What Does GTP Do for Septins? Dispatch
... complexes from cells and Drosophila embryos showed that each septin subunit indeed binds a molecule of guanine nucleotide [6,7]. For all GTPases, understanding their biochemistry has hinged on understanding the role of GTP binding and hydrolysis, and it seems likely that the same will hold for septi ...
... complexes from cells and Drosophila embryos showed that each septin subunit indeed binds a molecule of guanine nucleotide [6,7]. For all GTPases, understanding their biochemistry has hinged on understanding the role of GTP binding and hydrolysis, and it seems likely that the same will hold for septi ...
Turnover of protein phosphorylation evolving under
... non-modified residues (e.g., Gray and Kumar, 2011), while others estimated that the average constraint imposed on proteins by their phosphorylation is relatively weak (e.g., Landry et al., 2009; studies reviewed in Levy et al., 2012). Beyond the fact that variation in the different methods and datase ...
... non-modified residues (e.g., Gray and Kumar, 2011), while others estimated that the average constraint imposed on proteins by their phosphorylation is relatively weak (e.g., Landry et al., 2009; studies reviewed in Levy et al., 2012). Beyond the fact that variation in the different methods and datase ...
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... • Laminated doughs and flaky pastries rely heavily on air for leavening: – they contain large gaps of air, when chunks of fat melt. ...
... • Laminated doughs and flaky pastries rely heavily on air for leavening: – they contain large gaps of air, when chunks of fat melt. ...
Local chromosome context is a major determinant of crossover
... Lichten, 2001a; McMahill et al., 2007) and is suggested to be the predominant HR pathway in mitotic cells (Bzymek et al., 2010; McGill et al., 1989). Most of the remaining events are repaired by a meiosis-specific CO pathway, in which an ensemble of meiotic proteins, called the ZMM proteins, stabili ...
... Lichten, 2001a; McMahill et al., 2007) and is suggested to be the predominant HR pathway in mitotic cells (Bzymek et al., 2010; McGill et al., 1989). Most of the remaining events are repaired by a meiosis-specific CO pathway, in which an ensemble of meiotic proteins, called the ZMM proteins, stabili ...
Review The cellular functions of clathrin
... tively illuminates the bottom 50–150 nm of the cell in the vicinity of the cover slip [59], allowing CCSs on the plasma membrane to be imaged selectively and distinguished from GFP-LCa-positive structures deep within the cell. Combining TIRFM with Epi imaging allowed the visualisation of a budding C ...
... tively illuminates the bottom 50–150 nm of the cell in the vicinity of the cover slip [59], allowing CCSs on the plasma membrane to be imaged selectively and distinguished from GFP-LCa-positive structures deep within the cell. Combining TIRFM with Epi imaging allowed the visualisation of a budding C ...
Chapter 4 - Neurasync
... such translocation, lys Hsc70 enables disassembly of the Lamp2a complex, freeing Lamp2a monomers for further substrates (7). Another fate of Lamp2a may be its translocation into the lysosomal lumen, where it does not participate in CMA and can be degraded by cathepsin A. Lysosomal (lys) Hsp90 stabil ...
... such translocation, lys Hsc70 enables disassembly of the Lamp2a complex, freeing Lamp2a monomers for further substrates (7). Another fate of Lamp2a may be its translocation into the lysosomal lumen, where it does not participate in CMA and can be degraded by cathepsin A. Lysosomal (lys) Hsp90 stabil ...
Spore Formation Bacillus subtilis during Compartmentalization of
... morphogenesis. The two major phases of compartmentalization are associated with two major morphological events, completion of septation and completion of engulfment. Consequently, we start with a brief description of the morphological changes during sporulation. We discuss in depth the events leadin ...
... morphogenesis. The two major phases of compartmentalization are associated with two major morphological events, completion of septation and completion of engulfment. Consequently, we start with a brief description of the morphological changes during sporulation. We discuss in depth the events leadin ...
A Patch of Surface-Exposed Residues Mediates
... the T-loop, in which regulatory phosphorylation often occurs, and the Pþ1 loop, which forms the primary binding site for the substrate peptide. Regulatory phosphorylation causes the activation segment to flip out of the active site and assume a characteristic conformation, which may cause subdomain ...
... the T-loop, in which regulatory phosphorylation often occurs, and the Pþ1 loop, which forms the primary binding site for the substrate peptide. Regulatory phosphorylation causes the activation segment to flip out of the active site and assume a characteristic conformation, which may cause subdomain ...
A. Work Accomplished by You and/or Others Cellular biology of
... persistent substrate-chaperone heterocomplex (Pratt and Toft, 1997), and in some cases directed delivery of the protein to the proteolytic degradation machinery (Schneider et al., 1996). While the biochemistry of these interactions has been the subject of many years of productive investigation, how ...
... persistent substrate-chaperone heterocomplex (Pratt and Toft, 1997), and in some cases directed delivery of the protein to the proteolytic degradation machinery (Schneider et al., 1996). While the biochemistry of these interactions has been the subject of many years of productive investigation, how ...
View Full PDF - Essays in Biochemistry
... fast. Like mammalian ODC, AdoMetDC is degraded by the 26S proteasome [7]. However, unlike the degradation of ODC by the 26S proteasome, the degradation of AdoMetDC is dependent on ubiquitination of the protein. Interestingly, the degradation rate appears to be very dependent on the availability of t ...
... fast. Like mammalian ODC, AdoMetDC is degraded by the 26S proteasome [7]. However, unlike the degradation of ODC by the 26S proteasome, the degradation of AdoMetDC is dependent on ubiquitination of the protein. Interestingly, the degradation rate appears to be very dependent on the availability of t ...
Biochemical switches in the cell cycle
A series of biochemical switches control transitions between and within the various phases of the cell cycle. The cell cycle is a series of complex, ordered, sequential events that control how a single cell divides into two cells, and involves several different phases. The phases include the G1 and G2 phases, DNA replication or S phase, and the actual process of cell division, mitosis or M phase. During the M phase, the chromosomes separate and cytokinesis occurs.The switches maintain the orderly progression of the cell cycle and act as checkpoints to ensure that each phase has been properly completed before progression to the next phase. For example, Cdk, or cyclin dependent kinase, is a major control switch for the cell cycle and it allows the cell to move from G1 to S or G2 to M by adding phosphate to protein substrates. Such multi-component (involving multiple inter-linked proteins) switches have been shown to generate decisive, robust (and potentially irreversible) transitions and trigger stable oscillations. As a result, they are a subject of active research that tries to understand how such complex properties are wired into biological control systems.