This is an author produced version of a paper
... CL316243 by iself induced a 5-fold increase in PKB phosphorylation which was decreased by almost 80% in the presence of H89, indicating an important role for PKA in this process. As was the case for insulin- [34] and insulin+CL316243-induced Ser 473/4 phosphorylation of PKB (data not shown), CL3162 ...
... CL316243 by iself induced a 5-fold increase in PKB phosphorylation which was decreased by almost 80% in the presence of H89, indicating an important role for PKA in this process. As was the case for insulin- [34] and insulin+CL316243-induced Ser 473/4 phosphorylation of PKB (data not shown), CL3162 ...
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... • The cytoskeleton has many roles: – Serves as a scaffold providing structural support and maintaining cell shape. – Serves as an internal framework to organize organelles within the cell. – Directs cellular locomotion and the movement of materials within the cell. ...
... • The cytoskeleton has many roles: – Serves as a scaffold providing structural support and maintaining cell shape. – Serves as an internal framework to organize organelles within the cell. – Directs cellular locomotion and the movement of materials within the cell. ...
Bacterial Growth and Cell Division: a Mycobacterial Perspective
... factor), sulfolipids specific to M. tuberculosis, and the phosphatidylinositol mannosides. In slow-growing, pathogenic mycobacteria, such as M. tuberculosis and M. leprae, the LAMs are capped at the terminal -Ara residue with mannose residues and are referred to as ManLAMs (68, 69, 301, 324), where ...
... factor), sulfolipids specific to M. tuberculosis, and the phosphatidylinositol mannosides. In slow-growing, pathogenic mycobacteria, such as M. tuberculosis and M. leprae, the LAMs are capped at the terminal -Ara residue with mannose residues and are referred to as ManLAMs (68, 69, 301, 324), where ...
Immune complexes formed following the binding of
... and ICAM-1.14 The release of tissue factor and interleukin-8 by monocytes is an additional feature that is thought to contribute to thrombosis.15,16 Finally, plasma from HIT patients has been shown to activate neutrophils and enhance platelet-neutrophil adhesion via yet unidentified mechanisms.17 In ...
... and ICAM-1.14 The release of tissue factor and interleukin-8 by monocytes is an additional feature that is thought to contribute to thrombosis.15,16 Finally, plasma from HIT patients has been shown to activate neutrophils and enhance platelet-neutrophil adhesion via yet unidentified mechanisms.17 In ...
Phenoloxidase Specific Activity in the Red Swamp Crayfish
... activation for all of these compounds except for heat and urea (Leonard et al., 1985; Söderhäll et al., 1986). Proteins associated with the proPO system have been shown to present opsonic properties by provoking degranulation, encapsulation, cell adhesion of crayfish haemocytes and enhancing phagocy ...
... activation for all of these compounds except for heat and urea (Leonard et al., 1985; Söderhäll et al., 1986). Proteins associated with the proPO system have been shown to present opsonic properties by provoking degranulation, encapsulation, cell adhesion of crayfish haemocytes and enhancing phagocy ...
Keystone Exam Study Guide
... BIO.A.1.2.2 Describe and interpret relationships between structure and function at various levels of biological organization (i.e., organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and multicellular organisms). ...
... BIO.A.1.2.2 Describe and interpret relationships between structure and function at various levels of biological organization (i.e., organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and multicellular organisms). ...
Multicellular trichomes in Arabidopsis - Development
... and co-workers (Hemerly et al., 1995) introduced a dominantnegative mutant of a mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase gene into transgenic tobacco plants, which resulted in plants with essentially normal morphology, but fewer and larger cells. In another study, overexpression of a mitotic B-cyclin in Arab ...
... and co-workers (Hemerly et al., 1995) introduced a dominantnegative mutant of a mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase gene into transgenic tobacco plants, which resulted in plants with essentially normal morphology, but fewer and larger cells. In another study, overexpression of a mitotic B-cyclin in Arab ...
Electron Tomographic Analysis of Somatic Cell
... data demonstrate that this process can be divided into four phases: phragmoplast initials, solid phragmoplast, transitional phragmoplast, and ring-shaped phragmoplast. Phragmoplast initials arise from clusters of polar microtubules (MTs) during late anaphase. At their equatorial planes, cell plate a ...
... data demonstrate that this process can be divided into four phases: phragmoplast initials, solid phragmoplast, transitional phragmoplast, and ring-shaped phragmoplast. Phragmoplast initials arise from clusters of polar microtubules (MTs) during late anaphase. At their equatorial planes, cell plate a ...
Selective kinase inhibitors as tools for neuroscience research
... concentrations significantly higher than this is much more likely to result in an off target activity. It is important to consider however that more than one kinase can act upon the same substrate site at once e for instance the transcription factor CREB is phosphorylated at serine 133 by both PKA an ...
... concentrations significantly higher than this is much more likely to result in an off target activity. It is important to consider however that more than one kinase can act upon the same substrate site at once e for instance the transcription factor CREB is phosphorylated at serine 133 by both PKA an ...
Electron Tomographic Analysis of Somatic Cell Plate Formation in
... data demonstrate that this process can be divided into four phases: phragmoplast initials, solid phragmoplast, transitional phragmoplast, and ring-shaped phragmoplast. Phragmoplast initials arise from clusters of polar microtubules (MTs) during late anaphase. At their equatorial planes, cell plate a ...
... data demonstrate that this process can be divided into four phases: phragmoplast initials, solid phragmoplast, transitional phragmoplast, and ring-shaped phragmoplast. Phragmoplast initials arise from clusters of polar microtubules (MTs) during late anaphase. At their equatorial planes, cell plate a ...
Electron Tomographic Analysis of Somatic Cell Plate Formation in
... data demonstrate that this process can be divided into four phases: phragmoplast initials, solid phragmoplast, transitional phragmoplast, and ring-shaped phragmoplast. Phragmoplast initials arise from clusters of polar microtubules (MTs) during late anaphase. At their equatorial planes, cell plate a ...
... data demonstrate that this process can be divided into four phases: phragmoplast initials, solid phragmoplast, transitional phragmoplast, and ring-shaped phragmoplast. Phragmoplast initials arise from clusters of polar microtubules (MTs) during late anaphase. At their equatorial planes, cell plate a ...
Meaningful relationships: the regulation of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK
... (Figures 2 and 3). One such a signal is provided by phosphoinositide 3-kinase, whose phospholipid products can activate Rac, a small G-protein that binds and activates p21cdc42\rac1activated serine\threonine kinase (PAK) [29]. PAK-3 has recently been shown to phosphorylate Raf-1 on serine-338, one o ...
... (Figures 2 and 3). One such a signal is provided by phosphoinositide 3-kinase, whose phospholipid products can activate Rac, a small G-protein that binds and activates p21cdc42\rac1activated serine\threonine kinase (PAK) [29]. PAK-3 has recently been shown to phosphorylate Raf-1 on serine-338, one o ...
Protein stabilization: a common consequence of mutations
... protooncogenes are subverted. Unravelling the molecular consequences of these activating events will therefore contribute both to our understanding of how cellular proteins are controlled by normal cell signalling and how viral oncoproteins escape this. Examples of activating mutations are deletion ...
... protooncogenes are subverted. Unravelling the molecular consequences of these activating events will therefore contribute both to our understanding of how cellular proteins are controlled by normal cell signalling and how viral oncoproteins escape this. Examples of activating mutations are deletion ...
DNA damage and decisions: CtIP coordinates DNA repair and cell
... checkpoint response and cell cycle cues. CtIP links cell cycle control, DNA damage checkpoints and repair CtIP, the CtBP (carboxy-terminal binding protein) interacting protein, was initially characterized for its role in transcription – first, as a cofactor for the transcriptional repressor CtBP, an ...
... checkpoint response and cell cycle cues. CtIP links cell cycle control, DNA damage checkpoints and repair CtIP, the CtBP (carboxy-terminal binding protein) interacting protein, was initially characterized for its role in transcription – first, as a cofactor for the transcriptional repressor CtBP, an ...
ANALYSIS OF A BACTERIAL SERINE/THREONINE KINASE
... terminal histidine-tagged proteins. In the work presented here, these proteins have been overexpressed and purified for further study. Mutational analyses revealed that four of the five mutants had decreased kinase activity in comparison to the wildtype protein, thereby establishing the mutated resi ...
... terminal histidine-tagged proteins. In the work presented here, these proteins have been overexpressed and purified for further study. Mutational analyses revealed that four of the five mutants had decreased kinase activity in comparison to the wildtype protein, thereby establishing the mutated resi ...
13. Traffic & Congestion Control in ATM
... Calculated over large time scale relative to T Required for VBR Enables efficient allocation of network resources between VBR sources – Only useful if SCR < PCR ...
... Calculated over large time scale relative to T Required for VBR Enables efficient allocation of network resources between VBR sources – Only useful if SCR < PCR ...
Lineage-specific stem cells, signals and asymmetries
... (Iwafuchi-Doi and Zaret, 2014). For instance, ectopic expression of MyoD in fibroblasts induces muscle cell differentiation (Davis et al., 1987). The results of genome-wide MyoD binding studies indicate that MyoD binding requires specific E-boxes and is dependent on both interacting factors (coopera ...
... (Iwafuchi-Doi and Zaret, 2014). For instance, ectopic expression of MyoD in fibroblasts induces muscle cell differentiation (Davis et al., 1987). The results of genome-wide MyoD binding studies indicate that MyoD binding requires specific E-boxes and is dependent on both interacting factors (coopera ...
Full-Text PDF
... once per cell cycle [1]. To accomplish this task, the replication process is separated into two distinct and sequential steps. In the first step, called “licensing”, replication proteins assemble on the DNA at origins of replication to form a pre-replication complex or pre-RC. These proteins include ...
... once per cell cycle [1]. To accomplish this task, the replication process is separated into two distinct and sequential steps. In the first step, called “licensing”, replication proteins assemble on the DNA at origins of replication to form a pre-replication complex or pre-RC. These proteins include ...
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE THETA CELL OF THE MOUSE
... protein (RNP) particles, and the inner surface of the inner nuclear membrane closely faces a row of small dense particles in the nucleoplasm. Theta cells show dense aggregations of the endoplasmic reticulum at the cell periphery corresponding with the basophilic region observed by light microscopy ( ...
... protein (RNP) particles, and the inner surface of the inner nuclear membrane closely faces a row of small dense particles in the nucleoplasm. Theta cells show dense aggregations of the endoplasmic reticulum at the cell periphery corresponding with the basophilic region observed by light microscopy ( ...
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling
... which is opposite to the AMPK-mediated repression of mTORC1 seen in mammals [90]. Together, these studies indicate that autophagy induction in eukaryotes is intimately tied to cellular energy status and nutrient availability through the direct regulation of the ATG1/ULK kinase complex by TORC1 and A ...
... which is opposite to the AMPK-mediated repression of mTORC1 seen in mammals [90]. Together, these studies indicate that autophagy induction in eukaryotes is intimately tied to cellular energy status and nutrient availability through the direct regulation of the ATG1/ULK kinase complex by TORC1 and A ...
Inside A Cell
... generate energy. Mitochondria are selfreplicating (they grow and divide). Mitochondria have their own DNA. • Cristae contain special enzymes that trap energy from broken down sugars. • The centriole is located next to the nucleus and helps organize the cytoskeleton. They also help with cell division ...
... generate energy. Mitochondria are selfreplicating (they grow and divide). Mitochondria have their own DNA. • Cristae contain special enzymes that trap energy from broken down sugars. • The centriole is located next to the nucleus and helps organize the cytoskeleton. They also help with cell division ...
Text - Enlighten: Publications
... Figure 2 Live cell LM15 labeling of wild type (wt) Arabidopsis root hairs. A: Overview of live root demonstrating strong LM15 labeling of root hairs (arrows) and epidermis (hollow arrow). Bar = 100 μm. B: Magnified view of a root hair labeled with LM15 (arrow). Bar = 19 μm. C and D: LM15 labeling of ...
... Figure 2 Live cell LM15 labeling of wild type (wt) Arabidopsis root hairs. A: Overview of live root demonstrating strong LM15 labeling of root hairs (arrows) and epidermis (hollow arrow). Bar = 100 μm. B: Magnified view of a root hair labeled with LM15 (arrow). Bar = 19 μm. C and D: LM15 labeling of ...
Using monoclonal antibodies to label living root hairs: a novel tool
... Figure 2 Live cell LM15 labeling of wild type (wt) Arabidopsis root hairs. A: Overview of live root demonstrating strong LM15 labeling of root hairs (arrows) and epidermis (hollow arrow). Bar = 100 μm. B: Magnified view of a root hair labeled with LM15 (arrow). Bar = 19 μm. C and D: LM15 labeling of ...
... Figure 2 Live cell LM15 labeling of wild type (wt) Arabidopsis root hairs. A: Overview of live root demonstrating strong LM15 labeling of root hairs (arrows) and epidermis (hollow arrow). Bar = 100 μm. B: Magnified view of a root hair labeled with LM15 (arrow). Bar = 19 μm. C and D: LM15 labeling of ...
Novel Insights into Vacuole-mediated Control of Plant Growth and
... Plant vacuoles are multifunctional organelles that play important roles in plant development and growth. Vacuoles occupy most of the plant cell volume (up to 90%) and control turgor pressure required for cell expansion (Zhang et al., 2014; Marty, 1999). In addition, they are involved in the storage ...
... Plant vacuoles are multifunctional organelles that play important roles in plant development and growth. Vacuoles occupy most of the plant cell volume (up to 90%) and control turgor pressure required for cell expansion (Zhang et al., 2014; Marty, 1999). In addition, they are involved in the storage ...
Regulation of the initiation of chromosomal replication in bacteria
... to be more intricate in organisms that undergo a complex life cycle or in those that have to adapt to highly fluctuating environmental conditions. Under unfavourable conditions, the growth rate should be reduced and/or the bacteria should undergo morphological changes. In these organisms the decisio ...
... to be more intricate in organisms that undergo a complex life cycle or in those that have to adapt to highly fluctuating environmental conditions. Under unfavourable conditions, the growth rate should be reduced and/or the bacteria should undergo morphological changes. In these organisms the decisio ...
Biochemical switches in the cell cycle
A series of biochemical switches control transitions between and within the various phases of the cell cycle. The cell cycle is a series of complex, ordered, sequential events that control how a single cell divides into two cells, and involves several different phases. The phases include the G1 and G2 phases, DNA replication or S phase, and the actual process of cell division, mitosis or M phase. During the M phase, the chromosomes separate and cytokinesis occurs.The switches maintain the orderly progression of the cell cycle and act as checkpoints to ensure that each phase has been properly completed before progression to the next phase. For example, Cdk, or cyclin dependent kinase, is a major control switch for the cell cycle and it allows the cell to move from G1 to S or G2 to M by adding phosphate to protein substrates. Such multi-component (involving multiple inter-linked proteins) switches have been shown to generate decisive, robust (and potentially irreversible) transitions and trigger stable oscillations. As a result, they are a subject of active research that tries to understand how such complex properties are wired into biological control systems.