Lats kinase is involved in the intestinal apical
... Meignin et al., 2007; Polesello and Tapon, 2007). During oogenesis in the fly, the Hpo pathway regulates differentiation of the polar follicle cell (PFC). Mutations in the core Hpo pathway genes in the PFC lead to a misoriented mitotic spindle, a multilayered epithelium and abnormal cell polarity, c ...
... Meignin et al., 2007; Polesello and Tapon, 2007). During oogenesis in the fly, the Hpo pathway regulates differentiation of the polar follicle cell (PFC). Mutations in the core Hpo pathway genes in the PFC lead to a misoriented mitotic spindle, a multilayered epithelium and abnormal cell polarity, c ...
Live Imaging of Drosophila Brain Neuroblasts Reveals a Role for
... cortex in humans. Lis1 binds dynactin and the dynein motor complex, but the role of Lis1 in many dynein/dynactindependent processes is not clearly understood. Here we generate and/or characterize mutants for Drosophila Lis1 and a dynactin subunit, Glued, to investigate the role of Lis1/dynactin in m ...
... cortex in humans. Lis1 binds dynactin and the dynein motor complex, but the role of Lis1 in many dynein/dynactindependent processes is not clearly understood. Here we generate and/or characterize mutants for Drosophila Lis1 and a dynactin subunit, Glued, to investigate the role of Lis1/dynactin in m ...
Arabidopsis Kinetochore Fiber-Associated MAP65-4
... organizing cortical MT bundles has been revealed by dynamic imaging and genetic studies (Ehrhardt, 2008; Wasteneys and Ambrose, 2009), our knowledge of the organization and functioning of MT bundles within the acentrosomal plant mitotic spindle is limited (Bratman and Chang, 2007). The cortical arra ...
... organizing cortical MT bundles has been revealed by dynamic imaging and genetic studies (Ehrhardt, 2008; Wasteneys and Ambrose, 2009), our knowledge of the organization and functioning of MT bundles within the acentrosomal plant mitotic spindle is limited (Bratman and Chang, 2007). The cortical arra ...
Identification of a Preinitiation Step in DNA Replication That Is
... Using footprinting patterns to examine protein–DNA interactions at origin sequences in yeast, Diffley and coworkers have shown that origins oscillate between two states during the cell cycle. The prereplicative state forms during G1 and requires both ORC and cdc6 proteins (Cocker et al., 1996; Santo ...
... Using footprinting patterns to examine protein–DNA interactions at origin sequences in yeast, Diffley and coworkers have shown that origins oscillate between two states during the cell cycle. The prereplicative state forms during G1 and requires both ORC and cdc6 proteins (Cocker et al., 1996; Santo ...
Cell Wall, Cytoskeleton, and Cell Expansion in Higher Plants
... orientation may be sensitive to the growth acceleration/ deceleration rather than growth itself. While it remains to be determined how microtubule orientation is regulated, it is evident that the rotation of the cellulose microfibril deposition is dependent on microtubule rotation as both microtubul ...
... orientation may be sensitive to the growth acceleration/ deceleration rather than growth itself. While it remains to be determined how microtubule orientation is regulated, it is evident that the rotation of the cellulose microfibril deposition is dependent on microtubule rotation as both microtubul ...
Culm strenth of a rice brittle mutant
... primary and second cell walls. The cellulose in cell wall provides not only the necessary strength to resist the turgor pressure in plant cells but also has a distinct role in maintaining the size, shape and division/differentiation potential of most plant cells and ultimately the direction of plan ...
... primary and second cell walls. The cellulose in cell wall provides not only the necessary strength to resist the turgor pressure in plant cells but also has a distinct role in maintaining the size, shape and division/differentiation potential of most plant cells and ultimately the direction of plan ...
Only a subset of the binary cell fate decisions
... The numbSW allele was isolated through an F1 revertant screen of the P-element-induced numb1 allele. Dysgenic males of the genotype numb1 /CyO; Dr ∆ 2-3/+ were crossed to numb2 pr cn Elp/CyO females. The F1 Cy+ progeny were collected and examined for abnormal sensory bristle phenotypes on the fly no ...
... The numbSW allele was isolated through an F1 revertant screen of the P-element-induced numb1 allele. Dysgenic males of the genotype numb1 /CyO; Dr ∆ 2-3/+ were crossed to numb2 pr cn Elp/CyO females. The F1 Cy+ progeny were collected and examined for abnormal sensory bristle phenotypes on the fly no ...
non-RD - Crop Genetics Innovation
... both with respect to their structure and their evolutionary history. To date, the only distinguishing feature that has been identified is the non-RD motif [4]. This implies that there is the potential for kinases that normally function in other processes to adopt PRR functions. It stands to reason t ...
... both with respect to their structure and their evolutionary history. To date, the only distinguishing feature that has been identified is the non-RD motif [4]. This implies that there is the potential for kinases that normally function in other processes to adopt PRR functions. It stands to reason t ...
The AMP-activated protein kinase pathway – new
... kinase domain (which lacks the AMP-binding sites), is used as the substrate (Hawley et al., 2003). This shows that the effect is due to binding of AMP to the substrate, AMPK, and not to the upstream kinase. The critical threonine residue, and the sequence around it, is conserved in the α subunit seq ...
... kinase domain (which lacks the AMP-binding sites), is used as the substrate (Hawley et al., 2003). This shows that the effect is due to binding of AMP to the substrate, AMPK, and not to the upstream kinase. The critical threonine residue, and the sequence around it, is conserved in the α subunit seq ...
The cell walls of streptococci
... The methods developed by Salton (1953)made possible the study of the cell-wall composition as a relatively simple procedure and recent work by others has suggested that cell-wall composition may be of use in classifying streptococci (Roberts & Stewart, 1961 ; Slade & Slamp, 1962). As part of a gener ...
... The methods developed by Salton (1953)made possible the study of the cell-wall composition as a relatively simple procedure and recent work by others has suggested that cell-wall composition may be of use in classifying streptococci (Roberts & Stewart, 1961 ; Slade & Slamp, 1962). As part of a gener ...
Effects of various oxidants and antioxidants on the p38
... protein HSP27 [16, 26, 27]. In various cell types, phosphorylation of HSP27 is associated with stabilisation of the actin cytoskeleton, protecting cells against damage [28–30] and with its binding to cell proteins leading to prevention of their degradation [31]. In our previous studies [16, 17], the ...
... protein HSP27 [16, 26, 27]. In various cell types, phosphorylation of HSP27 is associated with stabilisation of the actin cytoskeleton, protecting cells against damage [28–30] and with its binding to cell proteins leading to prevention of their degradation [31]. In our previous studies [16, 17], the ...
Phosphorylation-Dependent Regulation of Septin
... forms a diffusion barrier in the plane of the plasma membrane during G2 (Barral et al., 2000). Thereby, it also plays an important role in the control of cell polarity and bud growth. Furthermore, septins are involved in the control of secretion and cortical organization in higher eukaryotes. Howeve ...
... forms a diffusion barrier in the plane of the plasma membrane during G2 (Barral et al., 2000). Thereby, it also plays an important role in the control of cell polarity and bud growth. Furthermore, septins are involved in the control of secretion and cortical organization in higher eukaryotes. Howeve ...
Slide 1
... FIGURE 2.2 Stages of oogenesis defined on the basis of the oocyte cell cycle state as it occurs in the mouse. This figure is reproduced in color in the color plate section. Mitotic proliferation of oogonia occurs in the prenatal gonad and is accompanied by entry into meiotic prophase as follicle fo ...
... FIGURE 2.2 Stages of oogenesis defined on the basis of the oocyte cell cycle state as it occurs in the mouse. This figure is reproduced in color in the color plate section. Mitotic proliferation of oogonia occurs in the prenatal gonad and is accompanied by entry into meiotic prophase as follicle fo ...
PDF version
... Fertilization initiates a cascade of events that leads to breaking the symmetry of the oocyte, as evidenced by a local cessation of actomyosin contractility. What is the nature of the symmetry-breaking cue? It is not the sperm entry site nor paternal genetic material (Sadler and Shakes, 2000 Goldste ...
... Fertilization initiates a cascade of events that leads to breaking the symmetry of the oocyte, as evidenced by a local cessation of actomyosin contractility. What is the nature of the symmetry-breaking cue? It is not the sperm entry site nor paternal genetic material (Sadler and Shakes, 2000 Goldste ...
ASYMMETRIC CELL DIVISION IN PLANTS
... The key criteria for the involvement of external cell fate determination in an asymmetric division process are (a) inductive signals from neighboring cells determine cell fate and (b) both cells resulting from the division are equally responsive to these signals. An important prediction from the fir ...
... The key criteria for the involvement of external cell fate determination in an asymmetric division process are (a) inductive signals from neighboring cells determine cell fate and (b) both cells resulting from the division are equally responsive to these signals. An important prediction from the fir ...
In the prevailing view Conducitn is usually considered to act as a
... Stabilisation of -catenin is a key step in the Wnt/-catenin signalling pathway allowing catenin to stimulate transcription of Wnt target genes in conjunction with TCF transcription factors (Clevers and Nusse, 2012). In the absence of Wnts, -catenin is earmarked for ubiquitination and proteasomal ...
... Stabilisation of -catenin is a key step in the Wnt/-catenin signalling pathway allowing catenin to stimulate transcription of Wnt target genes in conjunction with TCF transcription factors (Clevers and Nusse, 2012). In the absence of Wnts, -catenin is earmarked for ubiquitination and proteasomal ...
AMP-activated/SNF1 protein kinases: conserved guardians of
... is a common feature in many protein kinases (FIG. 3). The structures of the kinase domains from S. cerevisiae Snf1 (Ref. 28) (Protein Data Bank (PDB) ID 2FH9) and human ...
... is a common feature in many protein kinases (FIG. 3). The structures of the kinase domains from S. cerevisiae Snf1 (Ref. 28) (Protein Data Bank (PDB) ID 2FH9) and human ...
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complexes: beyond translation
... complex. The process was thought to trigger the secretion of the cytokine component from p43, causing the disintegration of the multi-ARS complex to block protein synthesis. However, p43 processing does not appear to affect the function of the complex, and it turns out that the uncleaved form of the ...
... complex. The process was thought to trigger the secretion of the cytokine component from p43, causing the disintegration of the multi-ARS complex to block protein synthesis. However, p43 processing does not appear to affect the function of the complex, and it turns out that the uncleaved form of the ...
Plant development, auxin, and the subsystem
... and -associated proteins (Muday and DeLong, 2001). One of these is a trans-membrane transport protein encoded by members of the PIN gene family that encode for PIN proteins with ten transmembrane segments and a large hydrophilic loop (Palme and Gälweiler, 1999; Friml et al., 2002). The second catego ...
... and -associated proteins (Muday and DeLong, 2001). One of these is a trans-membrane transport protein encoded by members of the PIN gene family that encode for PIN proteins with ten transmembrane segments and a large hydrophilic loop (Palme and Gälweiler, 1999; Friml et al., 2002). The second catego ...
The Amino-terminal Domain of the Golgi Protein Giantin Interacts
... [35S]methionine as the label was performed of plasmids encoding full-length Giantin (lanes 1–3), full-length Giantin lacking the NH2-terminal 449 residues (Gtn450 –3187, lanes 4 – 6), the first 448 amino acids of Giantin (Gtn448, lanes 7–9), or the first 301 amino acids of Giantin (Gtn301, lanes 10 ...
... [35S]methionine as the label was performed of plasmids encoding full-length Giantin (lanes 1–3), full-length Giantin lacking the NH2-terminal 449 residues (Gtn450 –3187, lanes 4 – 6), the first 448 amino acids of Giantin (Gtn448, lanes 7–9), or the first 301 amino acids of Giantin (Gtn301, lanes 10 ...
ASH1 by Puf6p–Fun12p/eIF5B interaction and released by CK2 phosphorylation Yingfeng Deng,
... but not the formation of the 48S complex was affected by Puf6p. Inhibition by Puf6 was specific, as competition with cold E3 RNA led to a recovery of the 80S complex preformed by the labeled E3 (Fig. 1C, open triangles). In the presence of EDTA, RNA–ribosomal complexes were not detected, independent ...
... but not the formation of the 48S complex was affected by Puf6p. Inhibition by Puf6 was specific, as competition with cold E3 RNA led to a recovery of the 80S complex preformed by the labeled E3 (Fig. 1C, open triangles). In the presence of EDTA, RNA–ribosomal complexes were not detected, independent ...
Target or barrier? The cell wall of early- and later
... effects of Cd contamination cannot be isolated from injuries caused by other environmental stresses and it might sometimes be difficult to predict the combinatory effect (Mittler, 2006). The simultaneous presence of different stresses might multiply the negative effects; however, as already observed ...
... effects of Cd contamination cannot be isolated from injuries caused by other environmental stresses and it might sometimes be difficult to predict the combinatory effect (Mittler, 2006). The simultaneous presence of different stresses might multiply the negative effects; however, as already observed ...
S7.Cell Signaling-β-catenin pathway homework
... 2. What is the molecular function of β-catenin itself? Apart from its role in adherens junctions, β-catenin is a transcriptional coactivator. β-catenin has a transactivation domain, but does not have a DNA binding domain, and so it activates transcription through binding to transcription factors suc ...
... 2. What is the molecular function of β-catenin itself? Apart from its role in adherens junctions, β-catenin is a transcriptional coactivator. β-catenin has a transactivation domain, but does not have a DNA binding domain, and so it activates transcription through binding to transcription factors suc ...
Wood - 2010 - Nat Rev Genet
... sister chromatids, which are held together by sister chromatid cohesion (SCC). SCC is mediated by the cohesin complex, which associates with chromosomes before their replication and is converted into a cohesive state as replication forks pass. Therefore, sister chromatids are held together by SCC co ...
... sister chromatids, which are held together by sister chromatid cohesion (SCC). SCC is mediated by the cohesin complex, which associates with chromosomes before their replication and is converted into a cohesive state as replication forks pass. Therefore, sister chromatids are held together by SCC co ...
Cyclic AMP-Mediated Inhibition of Cell Growth Requires the Small G
... In many normal and transformed cell types, the intracellular second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP) blocks the effects of growth factors and serum on mitogenesis, proliferation, and cell cycle progression. cAMP exerts these growth-inhibitory effects via inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) ...
... In many normal and transformed cell types, the intracellular second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP) blocks the effects of growth factors and serum on mitogenesis, proliferation, and cell cycle progression. cAMP exerts these growth-inhibitory effects via inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) ...
Biochemical switches in the cell cycle
A series of biochemical switches control transitions between and within the various phases of the cell cycle. The cell cycle is a series of complex, ordered, sequential events that control how a single cell divides into two cells, and involves several different phases. The phases include the G1 and G2 phases, DNA replication or S phase, and the actual process of cell division, mitosis or M phase. During the M phase, the chromosomes separate and cytokinesis occurs.The switches maintain the orderly progression of the cell cycle and act as checkpoints to ensure that each phase has been properly completed before progression to the next phase. For example, Cdk, or cyclin dependent kinase, is a major control switch for the cell cycle and it allows the cell to move from G1 to S or G2 to M by adding phosphate to protein substrates. Such multi-component (involving multiple inter-linked proteins) switches have been shown to generate decisive, robust (and potentially irreversible) transitions and trigger stable oscillations. As a result, they are a subject of active research that tries to understand how such complex properties are wired into biological control systems.