Regulation of the initiation of chromosomal replication in bacteria
... to be more intricate in organisms that undergo a complex life cycle or in those that have to adapt to highly fluctuating environmental conditions. Under unfavourable conditions, the growth rate should be reduced and/or the bacteria should undergo morphological changes. In these organisms the decisio ...
... to be more intricate in organisms that undergo a complex life cycle or in those that have to adapt to highly fluctuating environmental conditions. Under unfavourable conditions, the growth rate should be reduced and/or the bacteria should undergo morphological changes. In these organisms the decisio ...
Autophagy and cell death in model organisms - IMBB
... signalling. Inactivation of C. elegans ATG genes does not affect the initiation of dauer formation, but blocks dauer morphogenesis, inhibits autophagy in the seam cells (a cell type responsible for the formation of the specialized dauer cuticle) and prevents dauer survival.23 In mice, there is a mas ...
... signalling. Inactivation of C. elegans ATG genes does not affect the initiation of dauer formation, but blocks dauer morphogenesis, inhibits autophagy in the seam cells (a cell type responsible for the formation of the specialized dauer cuticle) and prevents dauer survival.23 In mice, there is a mas ...
Autophagy and cell death in model organisms
... signalling. Inactivation of C. elegans ATG genes does not affect the initiation of dauer formation, but blocks dauer morphogenesis, inhibits autophagy in the seam cells (a cell type responsible for the formation of the specialized dauer cuticle) and prevents dauer survival.23 In mice, there is a mas ...
... signalling. Inactivation of C. elegans ATG genes does not affect the initiation of dauer formation, but blocks dauer morphogenesis, inhibits autophagy in the seam cells (a cell type responsible for the formation of the specialized dauer cuticle) and prevents dauer survival.23 In mice, there is a mas ...
Meiotic and Mitotic Recombination in Meiosis
... symmetric nicks on homologous chromosomes, but this mechanism did not fit with subsequent observations (reviewed in Stahl 1994). To accommodate the new data, Szostak et al. (1983) proposed that meiotic recombination is initiated by a double-strand break on one chromatid. In the double-strand break re ...
... symmetric nicks on homologous chromosomes, but this mechanism did not fit with subsequent observations (reviewed in Stahl 1994). To accommodate the new data, Szostak et al. (1983) proposed that meiotic recombination is initiated by a double-strand break on one chromatid. In the double-strand break re ...
Unusual chromosome structure of fission yeast DNA in mouse cells
... chromosome morphology, because of the complex and largely undefined nature of the DNA involved. One way to resolve this problem would be to introduce more defined, but still cytologically visible, pieces of DNA into mammalian cells and examine the ensuing affects on chromosome structure. Allshire et ...
... chromosome morphology, because of the complex and largely undefined nature of the DNA involved. One way to resolve this problem would be to introduce more defined, but still cytologically visible, pieces of DNA into mammalian cells and examine the ensuing affects on chromosome structure. Allshire et ...
Biochemical Journal
... knowledge of MAPK biological functions may be due at least in part to the availability of inhibitors for the several MAPK families that usually function as parallel pathways in any given cell. In the present review, we provide an overview of the p38 MAPK pathway, which is strongly activated by stres ...
... knowledge of MAPK biological functions may be due at least in part to the availability of inhibitors for the several MAPK families that usually function as parallel pathways in any given cell. In the present review, we provide an overview of the p38 MAPK pathway, which is strongly activated by stres ...
The variability of autophagy and cell death susceptibility
... randomly during nonselective (bulk cytoplasm) autophagy; however, specific organelles can be surrounded with the help of recognition proteins such as SQSTM1/p62 during selective autophagy.4 Subsequent docking and fusion with lysosomes occurs with the formation of an autolysosome, a process first pro ...
... randomly during nonselective (bulk cytoplasm) autophagy; however, specific organelles can be surrounded with the help of recognition proteins such as SQSTM1/p62 during selective autophagy.4 Subsequent docking and fusion with lysosomes occurs with the formation of an autolysosome, a process first pro ...
Theoretical analysis of the stages in bacterial lag phase
... When the cell density growth rate µN has reached the maximum growth rate in the provided conditions (µN = µEXP ), the culture enters the exponential phase (PEXP ). Note that the concavity of the cell density curve at the initial phase, dµdtN , has not been given in Table 4.1. We left this value out ...
... When the cell density growth rate µN has reached the maximum growth rate in the provided conditions (µN = µEXP ), the culture enters the exponential phase (PEXP ). Note that the concavity of the cell density curve at the initial phase, dµdtN , has not been given in Table 4.1. We left this value out ...
The control of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca content in cardiac muscle
... efflux of Ca from the cell as NCX is more strongly activated. The net result is therefore that an increase in the amplitude of the Ca transient leads to a net loss of Ca from the cell. The combination of the two factors results in a simple feedback loop in which an undesired change of SR Ca content ...
... efflux of Ca from the cell as NCX is more strongly activated. The net result is therefore that an increase in the amplitude of the Ca transient leads to a net loss of Ca from the cell. The combination of the two factors results in a simple feedback loop in which an undesired change of SR Ca content ...
Genetics of C. elegans Myt1 ortholog wee-1.3
... Dephosphorylation of these residues constitutes the major mitotic entry signal in eukaryotes. In fission yeast, Y15 of Cdc2p is phosphorylated by the Wee1p and Mik1p kinases (Lundgren et al., 1991), while dephosphorylation is carried out by the Cdc25p phosphatase (Russell and Nurse, 1986; Berry and ...
... Dephosphorylation of these residues constitutes the major mitotic entry signal in eukaryotes. In fission yeast, Y15 of Cdc2p is phosphorylated by the Wee1p and Mik1p kinases (Lundgren et al., 1991), while dephosphorylation is carried out by the Cdc25p phosphatase (Russell and Nurse, 1986; Berry and ...
Control of the Actin Cytoskeleton in Plant Cell Growth
... monomer incorporation at the barbed end beyond the limits of free diffusion (80). Unlike the putative plant Arp2/3 complex, plant formins have been studied to some extent in vitro. Four plant formins (AtFH1, AtFH4, AtFH5, and AtFH8) have been shown to nucleate purified actin, and allow extension from ...
... monomer incorporation at the barbed end beyond the limits of free diffusion (80). Unlike the putative plant Arp2/3 complex, plant formins have been studied to some extent in vitro. Four plant formins (AtFH1, AtFH4, AtFH5, and AtFH8) have been shown to nucleate purified actin, and allow extension from ...
Regulation of the Eukaryotic Redox-State through - diss.fu
... biomolecules as building blocks for cellular components. Beyond this, the metabolic network is tightly connected to regulatory macromolecules (e.g. the transcriptional machinery) which monitor the cell’s homeostasis and is therefore fundamental part of the cellular regulome [2]. Constant input of en ...
... biomolecules as building blocks for cellular components. Beyond this, the metabolic network is tightly connected to regulatory macromolecules (e.g. the transcriptional machinery) which monitor the cell’s homeostasis and is therefore fundamental part of the cellular regulome [2]. Constant input of en ...
Inflammation and proliferation – a causal event of host response to
... diseases. Its persistence in gastric mucosa is determined by the interaction between various host, microbial and environmental factors. The bacterium colonizes the gastric epithelium and induces activation of various chemokine mediators, including NFkB, the master regulator of inflammation. H. pylor ...
... diseases. Its persistence in gastric mucosa is determined by the interaction between various host, microbial and environmental factors. The bacterium colonizes the gastric epithelium and induces activation of various chemokine mediators, including NFkB, the master regulator of inflammation. H. pylor ...
Tese Hugo Fraga
... map of A. angustifolia by time-lapse cell tracking technique, providing relevant information about the EC morphology during the micropropagation stages and ultrastructural charaterization of cell types which constitute them; obtaining an efficient protocol for A. angustifolia EC cryopreservation, co ...
... map of A. angustifolia by time-lapse cell tracking technique, providing relevant information about the EC morphology during the micropropagation stages and ultrastructural charaterization of cell types which constitute them; obtaining an efficient protocol for A. angustifolia EC cryopreservation, co ...
Cell-cycle-regulated expression of STIL controls centriole number in
... which requires the protease separase as well as the mitotic pololike kinase PLK1 (Tsou and Stearns, 2006a; Tsou et al., 2009). Furthermore, daughter centrioles acquire the competence to organize PCM during passage through mitosis and this also requires the activity of PLK1 (Wang et al., 2011). Thus, ...
... which requires the protease separase as well as the mitotic pololike kinase PLK1 (Tsou and Stearns, 2006a; Tsou et al., 2009). Furthermore, daughter centrioles acquire the competence to organize PCM during passage through mitosis and this also requires the activity of PLK1 (Wang et al., 2011). Thus, ...
Cytomechanical properties of papaver pollen tubes are altered after
... However, their rapid vibrational displacements resembled Brownian movement. After an incompatible SI challenge cytoplasmic streaming was arrested; the phenomenon resembled particle movement in a liquid that undergoes an enormous increase in viscosity. Pollen tube growth was arrested ;10–120 s after ...
... However, their rapid vibrational displacements resembled Brownian movement. After an incompatible SI challenge cytoplasmic streaming was arrested; the phenomenon resembled particle movement in a liquid that undergoes an enormous increase in viscosity. Pollen tube growth was arrested ;10–120 s after ...
Rheb and mammalian target of rapamycin in mitochondrial
... [43,44]. Although the precise mechanism behind this interaction is not resolved, it may reflect an effect of AMPKmediated Raptor phosphorylation and subsequent conformational change in the complex. Inhibition of mTORC1 lowers protein translation, which is a major energy-consuming process in the cell ...
... [43,44]. Although the precise mechanism behind this interaction is not resolved, it may reflect an effect of AMPKmediated Raptor phosphorylation and subsequent conformational change in the complex. Inhibition of mTORC1 lowers protein translation, which is a major energy-consuming process in the cell ...
Physical and Chemical Basis of Cytoplasmic Streaming
... carded along with the streaming, is exceedingly great comparedwith ordinary cytoplasmic streaming in plant calls (71). Moreover,the direction streaming alternates according to a rhythmic pattern. There is good evidence to show that the flow of endoplasmis caused passively by a local difference in th ...
... carded along with the streaming, is exceedingly great comparedwith ordinary cytoplasmic streaming in plant calls (71). Moreover,the direction streaming alternates according to a rhythmic pattern. There is good evidence to show that the flow of endoplasmis caused passively by a local difference in th ...
Complement - microbiology and immunology on-line
... proteins (nomenclature) Activated component are usually over-lined: e.g. C1qrs When enzymatically cleaved, the larger moiety, binds to the activation complex or membrane and the smaller peptide is released in the ...
... proteins (nomenclature) Activated component are usually over-lined: e.g. C1qrs When enzymatically cleaved, the larger moiety, binds to the activation complex or membrane and the smaller peptide is released in the ...
Cell cycle behavior of human HP1 subtypes: distinct
... fluorescence microscope. In interphase nuclei, YFP-fused HP1 showed two different staining patterns: one, a series of bright regularly shaped spots; and the other, less bright irregularly shaped areas with some diffuse staining of the nucleoplasm. HP1β was predominantly found in the irregularly shap ...
... fluorescence microscope. In interphase nuclei, YFP-fused HP1 showed two different staining patterns: one, a series of bright regularly shaped spots; and the other, less bright irregularly shaped areas with some diffuse staining of the nucleoplasm. HP1β was predominantly found in the irregularly shap ...
Chapter 32: DNA Replication in Yeast
... resulting from defective RF-C complexes by these PCNA mutations is likely to result from weakened interactions between PCNA subunits that make the circular clamp easier to open for loading onto DNA. PCNA also interacts with proteins that are not part of the replication apparatus. The human cyclin-de ...
... resulting from defective RF-C complexes by these PCNA mutations is likely to result from weakened interactions between PCNA subunits that make the circular clamp easier to open for loading onto DNA. PCNA also interacts with proteins that are not part of the replication apparatus. The human cyclin-de ...
Diuretics - AState.edu
... Pattern of excretion of electrolytes (how much of which type) depends on class of diuretic agent ...
... Pattern of excretion of electrolytes (how much of which type) depends on class of diuretic agent ...
Significance of hydrolytic enzymes expressed during xylem
... and damage to surrounding tissues does not occur. While “programmed” in PCD originally refers to the genetically encoded capability of each cell to commit this suicide (Ameisen 2002), it is often used to refer to the coordinated process observed upon initiation of the cell death “program” (Twumasi e ...
... and damage to surrounding tissues does not occur. While “programmed” in PCD originally refers to the genetically encoded capability of each cell to commit this suicide (Ameisen 2002), it is often used to refer to the coordinated process observed upon initiation of the cell death “program” (Twumasi e ...
Uncoupling insulin signalling by serine/threonine phosphorylation: a
... the ability of IRS proteins to undergo further insulinstimulated Tyr phosphorylation, and as a result, it terminates insulin signalling. IRS-1 serves as a substrate for PKCζ in vitro, and endogenous IRS-1 forms complexes with PKCζ in an insulin-dependent manner [18]. These findings suggest that PKCζ ...
... the ability of IRS proteins to undergo further insulinstimulated Tyr phosphorylation, and as a result, it terminates insulin signalling. IRS-1 serves as a substrate for PKCζ in vitro, and endogenous IRS-1 forms complexes with PKCζ in an insulin-dependent manner [18]. These findings suggest that PKCζ ...
Live Imaging of Drosophila Brain Neuroblasts Reveals a Role for
... cortex in humans. Lis1 binds dynactin and the dynein motor complex, but the role of Lis1 in many dynein/dynactindependent processes is not clearly understood. Here we generate and/or characterize mutants for Drosophila Lis1 and a dynactin subunit, Glued, to investigate the role of Lis1/dynactin in m ...
... cortex in humans. Lis1 binds dynactin and the dynein motor complex, but the role of Lis1 in many dynein/dynactindependent processes is not clearly understood. Here we generate and/or characterize mutants for Drosophila Lis1 and a dynactin subunit, Glued, to investigate the role of Lis1/dynactin in m ...
Biochemical switches in the cell cycle
A series of biochemical switches control transitions between and within the various phases of the cell cycle. The cell cycle is a series of complex, ordered, sequential events that control how a single cell divides into two cells, and involves several different phases. The phases include the G1 and G2 phases, DNA replication or S phase, and the actual process of cell division, mitosis or M phase. During the M phase, the chromosomes separate and cytokinesis occurs.The switches maintain the orderly progression of the cell cycle and act as checkpoints to ensure that each phase has been properly completed before progression to the next phase. For example, Cdk, or cyclin dependent kinase, is a major control switch for the cell cycle and it allows the cell to move from G1 to S or G2 to M by adding phosphate to protein substrates. Such multi-component (involving multiple inter-linked proteins) switches have been shown to generate decisive, robust (and potentially irreversible) transitions and trigger stable oscillations. As a result, they are a subject of active research that tries to understand how such complex properties are wired into biological control systems.