The interaction between bacteria and bile
... bile form mixed micelles with phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol. When bile enters the small intestine, phosphatidylcholine is hydrolysed and absorbed and cholesterol precipitates from solution enhancing its elimination. The amphipathic nature of bile acids allows them to have detergent action on p ...
... bile form mixed micelles with phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol. When bile enters the small intestine, phosphatidylcholine is hydrolysed and absorbed and cholesterol precipitates from solution enhancing its elimination. The amphipathic nature of bile acids allows them to have detergent action on p ...
Human ligaments classification: a new proposal
... ligaments of the eleventh and twelfth ribs are rudimentary, while the oblique chord may be duplicated or even absent). Furthermore, there are numerous bundles of connective tissue (ligaments) not listed in Nomina Anatomica [19]. We consider that it is more convenient to record the total number of mo ...
... ligaments of the eleventh and twelfth ribs are rudimentary, while the oblique chord may be duplicated or even absent). Furthermore, there are numerous bundles of connective tissue (ligaments) not listed in Nomina Anatomica [19]. We consider that it is more convenient to record the total number of mo ...
Human ligaments classification: a new proposal
... ligaments of the eleventh and twelfth ribs are rudimentary, while the oblique chord may be duplicated or even absent). Furthermore, there are numerous bundles of connective tissue (ligaments) not listed in Nomina Anatomica [19]. We consider that it is more convenient to record the total number of mo ...
... ligaments of the eleventh and twelfth ribs are rudimentary, while the oblique chord may be duplicated or even absent). Furthermore, there are numerous bundles of connective tissue (ligaments) not listed in Nomina Anatomica [19]. We consider that it is more convenient to record the total number of mo ...
Dynamic Equilibrium of Neurotransmitter Transporters: Not Just for
... transporters are important for neurotransmitter clearance and recycling after vesicular release. For example, their location is appropriate, with GABA transporters concentrated on presynaptic terminals and peri-synaptic glial membrane (Radian et al. 1990; Ribak et al. 1996). In addition, blocking GA ...
... transporters are important for neurotransmitter clearance and recycling after vesicular release. For example, their location is appropriate, with GABA transporters concentrated on presynaptic terminals and peri-synaptic glial membrane (Radian et al. 1990; Ribak et al. 1996). In addition, blocking GA ...
Calcium and Plant Development - Labs
... (82 , 205, 206, 246). However, internal compartments such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and vacuole (203, 220 , 250, 265 , 275) as well as mitochondria ( 1 95) may also provide a store of Ca2+ that can be released either through the direct action of the primary stimulus , e.g. light ( 1 95) , or ...
... (82 , 205, 206, 246). However, internal compartments such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and vacuole (203, 220 , 250, 265 , 275) as well as mitochondria ( 1 95) may also provide a store of Ca2+ that can be released either through the direct action of the primary stimulus , e.g. light ( 1 95) , or ...
The network of calcium regulation in muscle
... of about 130 kDa is present in the plasma membranes of most eukaryotic cells, including plants (Guerini & Carafoli, 1999; Strehler & Zacharias, 2001). It catalyzes the ATP-dependent transport of Ca2+ from the cytoplasm into the extracellular space. The Ca2+-dependent cleavage of ATP occurs with the ...
... of about 130 kDa is present in the plasma membranes of most eukaryotic cells, including plants (Guerini & Carafoli, 1999; Strehler & Zacharias, 2001). It catalyzes the ATP-dependent transport of Ca2+ from the cytoplasm into the extracellular space. The Ca2+-dependent cleavage of ATP occurs with the ...
Print
... to the same organelle were published. Among these, in 1898 Benda coined it with the name mitochondrion (26), coming from the Greek words mitos (meaning thread) and chondron (grain). This term considers the most common morphological features of this organelle and was broadly used and accepted to desc ...
... to the same organelle were published. Among these, in 1898 Benda coined it with the name mitochondrion (26), coming from the Greek words mitos (meaning thread) and chondron (grain). This term considers the most common morphological features of this organelle and was broadly used and accepted to desc ...
Stepwise Activation of BAX and BAK by tBID, BIM, and PUMA
... the conformational change associated with mitochondrial targeting rather than homo-oligomerization. More importantly, our data indicate that mitochondrial targeting and homo-oligomerization are two separable, distinct steps of BAX activation. Homo-oligomerization of BAX is apparently not required fo ...
... the conformational change associated with mitochondrial targeting rather than homo-oligomerization. More importantly, our data indicate that mitochondrial targeting and homo-oligomerization are two separable, distinct steps of BAX activation. Homo-oligomerization of BAX is apparently not required fo ...
Plasma Gelsolin
... cytoskeleton/membrane interface [39, 40]. As PIP2 inhibits the severing activity of cytosolic and plasma gelsolin in the same way, it may be concluded that PIP2-gelsolin binding is unaffected by the plasma extension sequence of gelsolin. PPIs were the only intracellular agents, among many tested, th ...
... cytoskeleton/membrane interface [39, 40]. As PIP2 inhibits the severing activity of cytosolic and plasma gelsolin in the same way, it may be concluded that PIP2-gelsolin binding is unaffected by the plasma extension sequence of gelsolin. PPIs were the only intracellular agents, among many tested, th ...
Axonal of Kinesin in the Chain Isoforms
... movement of radiolabeled kinesin through optic nerve and tract into the terminals was monitored by immunoprecipitation. Heavy and light chains of kinesin appeared in nerve and tract at times consistent with fast transport. Little or no kinesin moved with slow axonal transport indicating that effecti ...
... movement of radiolabeled kinesin through optic nerve and tract into the terminals was monitored by immunoprecipitation. Heavy and light chains of kinesin appeared in nerve and tract at times consistent with fast transport. Little or no kinesin moved with slow axonal transport indicating that effecti ...
III. Syndesmology
... exposed to friction, is not covered by perichondrium, although a layer of connective tissue continuous with that of the synovial membrane can be traced in the adult over a small part of its circumference, and here the cartilage cells are more or less branched and pass insensibly into the branched co ...
... exposed to friction, is not covered by perichondrium, although a layer of connective tissue continuous with that of the synovial membrane can be traced in the adult over a small part of its circumference, and here the cartilage cells are more or less branched and pass insensibly into the branched co ...
University of Groningen Polymerization of the bacterial cell division
... molecular biological level. For the Gramnegative model organism Escherichia coli, numerous cell division genes were identified in E. coli temperature sensitive mutants cells that did not divide properly, and hence were called fts genes, for filamentation temperature sensitive. Currently, all identif ...
... molecular biological level. For the Gramnegative model organism Escherichia coli, numerous cell division genes were identified in E. coli temperature sensitive mutants cells that did not divide properly, and hence were called fts genes, for filamentation temperature sensitive. Currently, all identif ...
Auxin: The Growth Hormone - Roberto Cezar | Fisiologista Vegetal
... plants have been derived from similar studies in animals. In animals the chemical messengers that mediate intercellular communication are called hormones. Hormones interact with specific cellular proteins called receptors. Most animal hormones are synthesized and secreted in one part of the body and ...
... plants have been derived from similar studies in animals. In animals the chemical messengers that mediate intercellular communication are called hormones. Hormones interact with specific cellular proteins called receptors. Most animal hormones are synthesized and secreted in one part of the body and ...
89 calcium handling by the mammalian kidney
... calbindin-D28K from this nephron segment strongly suggests an insignificant contribution of active, transcellular Ca2+ transport to the overall Ca2+ reabsorption. Examination of the cellular mechanism of Ca2+ transport in the cortical thick ascending limb of Henle’s loop has not provided additional ...
... calbindin-D28K from this nephron segment strongly suggests an insignificant contribution of active, transcellular Ca2+ transport to the overall Ca2+ reabsorption. Examination of the cellular mechanism of Ca2+ transport in the cortical thick ascending limb of Henle’s loop has not provided additional ...
Auxin transport routes in plant development
... The plant hormone auxin (the predominant form of which is indole3-acetic acid; IAA) is a major coordinating signal in the regulation of plant development. Many aspects of auxin action depend on its differential distribution within plant tissues, where it forms local maxima or gradients between cells ...
... The plant hormone auxin (the predominant form of which is indole3-acetic acid; IAA) is a major coordinating signal in the regulation of plant development. Many aspects of auxin action depend on its differential distribution within plant tissues, where it forms local maxima or gradients between cells ...
Cellulose Biosynthesis: Current Views and
... post-synthesis. Many of these crystalline forms are characterized using physical techniques. A new form of derived cellulose referred to as nematic ordered cellulose (NOC) is obtained by specific drawing of glucan chains from water-swollen cellulose (Kondo et al., 2001). The structure of NOC is high ...
... post-synthesis. Many of these crystalline forms are characterized using physical techniques. A new form of derived cellulose referred to as nematic ordered cellulose (NOC) is obtained by specific drawing of glucan chains from water-swollen cellulose (Kondo et al., 2001). The structure of NOC is high ...
Receptor-Like Activity Evoked by Extracellular ADP in Arabidopsis
... repeated application evoked a smaller current. Such response speed and densitization are consistent with operation of equivalents to animal ionotropic purine receptors, although to date no equivalent genes for such receptors have been identified in higher plants. In contrast to ATP, extracellular AD ...
... repeated application evoked a smaller current. Such response speed and densitization are consistent with operation of equivalents to animal ionotropic purine receptors, although to date no equivalent genes for such receptors have been identified in higher plants. In contrast to ATP, extracellular AD ...
Receptor-like activity evoked by extracellular ADP in Arabidopsis
... As Figure 2B shows, fast delivery of 0.3 mM extracellular ADP increased both inwardly- and outwardly-directed currents across the PM of a single protoplast, resulting in a positive shift of reversal potential (Erev) away from the equilibrium potentials for K+ and Cl- (EK = -158 mV; ECl = -36 mV) and ...
... As Figure 2B shows, fast delivery of 0.3 mM extracellular ADP increased both inwardly- and outwardly-directed currents across the PM of a single protoplast, resulting in a positive shift of reversal potential (Erev) away from the equilibrium potentials for K+ and Cl- (EK = -158 mV; ECl = -36 mV) and ...
375 Na+/Ca2+ ANTIPORT IN THE MAMMALIAN HEART
... there are four cassette-type exons (C, D, E and F) that may be inserted in various combinations; 32 possible isoforms can be generated in this manner (Kofuji et al. 1994). Thus, the cardiac isoform is A-C-D-E-F, the predominant patterns in brain are A-D or AD-F, and in smooth muscle the pattern is p ...
... there are four cassette-type exons (C, D, E and F) that may be inserted in various combinations; 32 possible isoforms can be generated in this manner (Kofuji et al. 1994). Thus, the cardiac isoform is A-C-D-E-F, the predominant patterns in brain are A-D or AD-F, and in smooth muscle the pattern is p ...
Plant hormones and growth regulators
... that within the complex framework of carbohydrates and proteins of the cell wall, there could be interactions between Ca2+ and molecules other than pectins that could contribute to cell wall structure and extensibility. Nevertheless, a Ca2+/pectate interaction cannot be ignored and deserves attentio ...
... that within the complex framework of carbohydrates and proteins of the cell wall, there could be interactions between Ca2+ and molecules other than pectins that could contribute to cell wall structure and extensibility. Nevertheless, a Ca2+/pectate interaction cannot be ignored and deserves attentio ...
Endocytosis, Recycling, and Regulated Exocytosis of Glucose
... recycled back to the PM.5 Both arms of this process are subject to regulation by physiological demands. Most of our knowledge of the routes and rates of GLUT4 traffic derives from three cellular systems: primary rat adipocytes, cultures of 3T3-L1 mouse adipocytes, and cultures of rat L6 skeletal muscl ...
... recycled back to the PM.5 Both arms of this process are subject to regulation by physiological demands. Most of our knowledge of the routes and rates of GLUT4 traffic derives from three cellular systems: primary rat adipocytes, cultures of 3T3-L1 mouse adipocytes, and cultures of rat L6 skeletal muscl ...
Auxin coordinates cell division and cell fate specification during
... amino acids (Mironov et al., 1999) and binding with CDK inhibitory proteins, the so-called Kip-Related Proteins or KRPs (De Veylder et al., 2001). In yeast, animals and plants this principle is highly conserved, but the number of orthologous players differs very significantly. Plants seem to have a ...
... amino acids (Mironov et al., 1999) and binding with CDK inhibitory proteins, the so-called Kip-Related Proteins or KRPs (De Veylder et al., 2001). In yeast, animals and plants this principle is highly conserved, but the number of orthologous players differs very significantly. Plants seem to have a ...
Auxin coordinates cell division and cell fate specification during
... amino acids (Mironov et al., 1999) and binding with CDK inhibitory proteins, the so-called Kip-Related Proteins or KRPs (De Veylder et al., 2001). In yeast, animals and plants this principle is highly conserved, but the number of orthologous players differs very significantly. Plants seem to have a ...
... amino acids (Mironov et al., 1999) and binding with CDK inhibitory proteins, the so-called Kip-Related Proteins or KRPs (De Veylder et al., 2001). In yeast, animals and plants this principle is highly conserved, but the number of orthologous players differs very significantly. Plants seem to have a ...
Downloaded - The Journal of Cell Biology
... p120308 mutants, cell junctional staining was lost and overall staining reduced (Fig. 2, F versus H). In parallel to generating antibodies, we generated fusions of p120 with six myc epitopes at the NH2 terminus (myc-p120) or GFP at the COOH terminus (p120-GFP). These were expressed ubiquitously usin ...
... p120308 mutants, cell junctional staining was lost and overall staining reduced (Fig. 2, F versus H). In parallel to generating antibodies, we generated fusions of p120 with six myc epitopes at the NH2 terminus (myc-p120) or GFP at the COOH terminus (p120-GFP). These were expressed ubiquitously usin ...
Weak-base amines inhibit the anterograde-to
... Acidotropic weak-base amines were used to investigate the role of acidic compartments in the pathway of aterograde-toretrograde conversion of axonally transported vesicles in axon terminals. A local concentrated population of nascent axon tips was produced by transecting the rat sciatic nerve in sit ...
... Acidotropic weak-base amines were used to investigate the role of acidic compartments in the pathway of aterograde-toretrograde conversion of axonally transported vesicles in axon terminals. A local concentrated population of nascent axon tips was produced by transecting the rat sciatic nerve in sit ...
Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. The basic function of the cell membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings. It consists of the phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. Cell membranes are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as cell adhesion, ion conductivity and cell signalling and serve as the attachment surface for several extracellular structures, including the cell wall, glycocalyx, and intracellular cytoskeleton. Cell membranes can be artificially reassembled.