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Introduction to Cells Learning Objectives • We will learn the 3 statements made by Cell Theory • We will contrast the two types of cells. • We will review the basic structure of animal and plants cells • We will review the structures that are unique to a plant cell. History of Thought on Cells • 1660’s Early Microscopes; Bacteria observed • 1838 Understood that all plants are made of Cells • 1855 Understood that all animals are made of Cells The 3 statements of Cell Theory 1) All Living Things are Made of Cells • If it is living it is made of cells, from a blue whale to a bacteria • It may be made of one cell or millions of cells 2) Cells are the Basic Unit of Life • If you divide a cell into its parts, the parts will not meet all the characteristics of a living thing. (They will not even continue to live for very long) 3) Cells come from Cells • Life does not spontaneously arise from the air or something else. They are produced by preexisting cells. The Two Cell Types Two Main Types of Cells • Prokaryotic Cells! • NO nucleus or organelles (except ribosomes which have no membrane) Two Main Types of Cells • Eukaryotic Cells! • Have membrane bound organelles (like the nucleus) Plants, animals and Fungi are all made of eukaryotic cells A Basic Animal Cell Cytoplasm • The liquid part of the cell Organelles • The structures in the cell • Means “little organs” Nucleus • The brain or control center of the cell • Contains the genetic information of the cell Cell Membrane • The thin flexible layer that encloses the cell • Controls what leaves and enters the cell Mitochondria • The powerhouse of the cell • Sugar is changed into a form of energy the cell can use Ribosomes • “The little dots” is what the arrow is pointing to • This is where proteins are put together Basic Plant Cell Plant Cells have structures not found in animal cells Cell Wall, Chloroplasts and Central Vacuole Basic Plant Cell The cell wall is outside the cell membrane. It is a rigid structure that protects the cell and helps the cell keep its shape Basic Plant Cell The central vacuole is a large organelle that stores water for the plant cell Basic Plant Cell The chloroplast captures the energy of sunlight and converts it into sugar. This is photosynthesis. Review Questions • What are the three things cell theory tells us? • What are the two types of cells? • What are the basic organelles in an animal cell? • What three structures are unique to plant cells? The End