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Download Section 8.4: Transcription
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Section 8.4: Transcription Biology Objectives Essential Question: How and why does the DNA code become RNA? 1. Describe the Central Dogma. 2. What types of RNA exist to help DNA form proteins? 3. Explain the process of transcription. 4. Compare and contrast replication and transcription. Central Dogma Information flows in one direction DNA Three processes: Replication: DNA copies itself Transcription: Conversion of DNA to RNA Translation: RNA is converted into a string of amino acids RNA Protein Central Dogma Prokaryotic In the cytoplasm: replication transcription translation Eukaryotic In the nucleus: replication transcription In the cytoplasm: translation RNA must go through processing before leaving the nucleus RNA: Ribonucleic Acid Types of RNA mRNA: messenger RNA Intermediate message that allows the movement of the DNA message from the nucleus to the cytoplasm rRNA: ribosomal RNA Present on ribosomes, where proteins are made tRNA: transfer RNA Brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome to assist in making proteins Process of Transcription Process of copying the DNA message into a complementary RNA strand A gene, not a whole chromosome, is transferred into RNA RNA polymerases are used to bind the nucleotides together to make a new RNA molecule Transcritpion 1. RNA polymerases recognizes start site on gene RNA polymerases and proteins assemble on DNA and unwind it Produces two separate strands of DNA 2. RNA polymerases uses one DNA strand as a template Strings RNA nucleotides together, using the same nucleotides EXCEPT THIAMINE, WHICH IS REPLACED BY URACIL 3. Once the RNA polymerase is done, the DNA zips back up, and mRNA is free to move out of the nucleus once it has been processed Transcription & Replication Similar Occur in the nucleus of the cell Use large, complex enzymes Unwind DNA Highly regulated Dissimilar Different products Replication allows for reproduction Replication only occurs once per cell cycle Transcription is need to respond to the environment Transcription occurs over and over in a cell on a consistent basis