BIO 402 - National Open University of Nigeria
... animals, a membrane is formed covering the egg to prevent other sperms from entering the fertilized egg. This is called monospermy. However, an egg may sometimes be fertilized by two sperms, this is called dispermy. With experiments on double fertilization of sea urchin eggs, Boveri contributed sign ...
... animals, a membrane is formed covering the egg to prevent other sperms from entering the fertilized egg. This is called monospermy. However, an egg may sometimes be fertilized by two sperms, this is called dispermy. With experiments on double fertilization of sea urchin eggs, Boveri contributed sign ...
Human DNA Ligase IV and the Ligase IV/XRCC4 Complex: Analysis
... contexts where a capacity for mismatched nick ligation could potentially be advantageous, the above questions are pertinent to this enzyme. The work described here evaluates the theoretical advantages of error-tolerant nick ligation by human ligase IV, assesses the actual 3′ mismatch ligation capabi ...
... contexts where a capacity for mismatched nick ligation could potentially be advantageous, the above questions are pertinent to this enzyme. The work described here evaluates the theoretical advantages of error-tolerant nick ligation by human ligase IV, assesses the actual 3′ mismatch ligation capabi ...
Further manipulation by centric misdivision of the 1RS.1BL
... The experiments with repeated centric fissionfusion cycles demonstrate that chromosome arms can be transferred from one translocation to another until the most suitable location is found. As a result of the manipulations described here, translocations of the same rye chromosome arm 1RS to all three ...
... The experiments with repeated centric fissionfusion cycles demonstrate that chromosome arms can be transferred from one translocation to another until the most suitable location is found. As a result of the manipulations described here, translocations of the same rye chromosome arm 1RS to all three ...
Selecting Degenerate Multiplex PCR Primers
... by NIH training grant GM08802 to Washington University Medical School and NSF grant ITR/EIA-0113618, GS was funded by NIH grant HG00249, and WZ was supported by NSF grants IIS-0196057 and ITR/EIA-0113618. ...
... by NIH training grant GM08802 to Washington University Medical School and NSF grant ITR/EIA-0113618, GS was funded by NIH grant HG00249, and WZ was supported by NSF grants IIS-0196057 and ITR/EIA-0113618. ...
RNA 3`-terminal phosphate cyclases and cyclase
... Chakravarty and Shuman [39] extended the known substrate specificity of RtcA even further. They demonstrated that at the slow rate the E. coli RtcA can convert, in a reaction involving an RctA-AMP covalent intermediate, the 5’-phosphates in RNA and DNA into A5’pp5’N structures. This modification opt ...
... Chakravarty and Shuman [39] extended the known substrate specificity of RtcA even further. They demonstrated that at the slow rate the E. coli RtcA can convert, in a reaction involving an RctA-AMP covalent intermediate, the 5’-phosphates in RNA and DNA into A5’pp5’N structures. This modification opt ...
Single-stranded heteroduplex intermediates in l Red homologous
... recombination reactions yet described. However the mechanism of dsDNA recombination remains undefined. Results: Here we show that the Red proteins can act via full length single stranded intermediates to establish single stranded heteroduplexes at the replication fork. We created asymmetrically dige ...
... recombination reactions yet described. However the mechanism of dsDNA recombination remains undefined. Results: Here we show that the Red proteins can act via full length single stranded intermediates to establish single stranded heteroduplexes at the replication fork. We created asymmetrically dige ...
The P53 pathway and metabolism: implications in tissue
... WHY DO WE AGE AND GET CANCER? ARE THESE 2 PROCESSES INTRINSICALLY LINKED? p53 ...
... WHY DO WE AGE AND GET CANCER? ARE THESE 2 PROCESSES INTRINSICALLY LINKED? p53 ...
Inhibition of RNA Synthesis by Anthracycline Analogs
... and inactivate its template function essential for nucleic acid synthesis. Recently, several structural analogs of these antineoplastic agents have been synthesized and some of them were shown to be considerably more effective against experimental tumors than the parent compounds. The majority of re ...
... and inactivate its template function essential for nucleic acid synthesis. Recently, several structural analogs of these antineoplastic agents have been synthesized and some of them were shown to be considerably more effective against experimental tumors than the parent compounds. The majority of re ...
Cytogenetics with special reference to domestic animals
... example the genes present in the upper portion of human chromosome 1 (orange) are present in the same order in a portion of mouse chromosome 4. Regions of human chromosomes that are composed primarily of short, repeated sequences are shown in black. Mouse centromeres (indicated in black in B) are lo ...
... example the genes present in the upper portion of human chromosome 1 (orange) are present in the same order in a portion of mouse chromosome 4. Regions of human chromosomes that are composed primarily of short, repeated sequences are shown in black. Mouse centromeres (indicated in black in B) are lo ...
Studies on Polynucleotides
... dCTP were used. Experiment 3 in Table I shows the results obtained on nearest neighbor analysis of the product obtained when [cG2P]dCTP alone was used. As expected, the radi0activit.y Ivas in dAp and dCp, the ratio found being 1.3. The result may again indicate that the incorporation of the terminal ...
... dCTP were used. Experiment 3 in Table I shows the results obtained on nearest neighbor analysis of the product obtained when [cG2P]dCTP alone was used. As expected, the radi0activit.y Ivas in dAp and dCp, the ratio found being 1.3. The result may again indicate that the incorporation of the terminal ...
one-step and stepwise magnification of a bobbed lethal
... CICCOand GLOVER1983). These observations are not unequivocal in their support of an extracopy mechanism of magnification, however, since they can also be explained within the context of an exchange hypothesis: The rDNA rings could arise as products of intrachromatid excision (ENDOW,KOMMAand ATWOOD19 ...
... CICCOand GLOVER1983). These observations are not unequivocal in their support of an extracopy mechanism of magnification, however, since they can also be explained within the context of an exchange hypothesis: The rDNA rings could arise as products of intrachromatid excision (ENDOW,KOMMAand ATWOOD19 ...
Mechanisms of Transcription-Replication
... domain, restraining both processes prior to the direct encounter (3, 11, 14). The fraction of DNA knots appeared to be greater in those plasmids where replication collided with transcription head-on, rather than codirectionally, supporting the formation of such positively supercoiled domains (39). T ...
... domain, restraining both processes prior to the direct encounter (3, 11, 14). The fraction of DNA knots appeared to be greater in those plasmids where replication collided with transcription head-on, rather than codirectionally, supporting the formation of such positively supercoiled domains (39). T ...
Switching between polymerase and exonuclease sites in DNA
... the catalytic domain of Pol2 (Pol2core (aa 1–1228)) revealed that Pol ε lacks the extended -hairpin loop found in most other B-family DNA polymerases that has been proposed to interact with the template DNA and to function as a wedge by breaking hydrogen bonds between the template and nascent stran ...
... the catalytic domain of Pol2 (Pol2core (aa 1–1228)) revealed that Pol ε lacks the extended -hairpin loop found in most other B-family DNA polymerases that has been proposed to interact with the template DNA and to function as a wedge by breaking hydrogen bonds between the template and nascent stran ...
Analysis of Cross Sequence Similarities for Multiple - PolyU
... compression. Retrieving from compressed data without loss is defined as lossless while recovering from compressed data with data loss is called lossy. Since all the data in a DNA sequence cannot be sacrificed, only lossless compression is applied in DNA compression. The structural information of DNA ...
... compression. Retrieving from compressed data without loss is defined as lossless while recovering from compressed data with data loss is called lossy. Since all the data in a DNA sequence cannot be sacrificed, only lossless compression is applied in DNA compression. The structural information of DNA ...
Two supernumerary marker chromosomes
... in order to better predict the phenotypic risk, especially of de novo marker chromosomes (Soudek et al., 1973; Friedrich and Nielsen, 1974; Soudek and Sroka, 1977; Nishi et al., 1982; Steinbach et al., 1983; Buckton et al., 1985; Djalali, 1990; Callen et al., 1991, 1992; Raimondi et al., 1991; Platt ...
... in order to better predict the phenotypic risk, especially of de novo marker chromosomes (Soudek et al., 1973; Friedrich and Nielsen, 1974; Soudek and Sroka, 1977; Nishi et al., 1982; Steinbach et al., 1983; Buckton et al., 1985; Djalali, 1990; Callen et al., 1991, 1992; Raimondi et al., 1991; Platt ...
Chapter 22: SV40 and Polyomavirus DNA Replication
... in the ori-cores of all polyomavirus subgroup members. The 1arge-Tantigen-binding sites within the central palindrome are arranged differently than are those outside this region: The pentanucleotide-binding sites outside the ori-core are oriented in the same direction, whereas those within ori-core ...
... in the ori-cores of all polyomavirus subgroup members. The 1arge-Tantigen-binding sites within the central palindrome are arranged differently than are those outside this region: The pentanucleotide-binding sites outside the ori-core are oriented in the same direction, whereas those within ori-core ...
Flexibility of centromere and kinetochore structures
... chromosomes, including X and Y, although they are particularly common on specific chromosome domains including 3q, 13q and 15q [32,37]. Little is known about how neocentromeres form or why they form at particular positions. Human centromeres are always found in highly repetitive regions; the same is ...
... chromosomes, including X and Y, although they are particularly common on specific chromosome domains including 3q, 13q and 15q [32,37]. Little is known about how neocentromeres form or why they form at particular positions. Human centromeres are always found in highly repetitive regions; the same is ...
2- pcr primer design and reaction optimisation
... The optimum length of a primer depends upon its (A+T) content, and the Tm of its partner if one runs the risk of having problems such as described above. Apart from the Tm, a prime consideration is that the primers should be complex enough so that the likelihood of annealing to sequences other than ...
... The optimum length of a primer depends upon its (A+T) content, and the Tm of its partner if one runs the risk of having problems such as described above. Apart from the Tm, a prime consideration is that the primers should be complex enough so that the likelihood of annealing to sequences other than ...
Collaborative coupling between polymerase and helicase for
... holoenzyme destabilizes the first few base pairs of the fork thereby increasing the efficiency of helicase unwinding. The model implies that both enzymes are localized at the fork, but does not require a specific interaction between them. The model quantitatively reproduces homologous and heterologo ...
... holoenzyme destabilizes the first few base pairs of the fork thereby increasing the efficiency of helicase unwinding. The model implies that both enzymes are localized at the fork, but does not require a specific interaction between them. The model quantitatively reproduces homologous and heterologo ...
Mendelian Genetics
... •Doctors look for some significant features oCheck if the 46 chromosomes are present oCheck the presence of the two identical chromosomes oCheck the sex chromosomes oCheck if there are any missing or rearranged chromosomes ...
... •Doctors look for some significant features oCheck if the 46 chromosomes are present oCheck the presence of the two identical chromosomes oCheck the sex chromosomes oCheck if there are any missing or rearranged chromosomes ...
3-A Notes
... •Doctors look for some significant features oCheck if the 46 chromosomes are present oCheck the presence of the two identical chromosomes oCheck the sex chromosomes oCheck if there are any missing or rearranged chromosomes ...
... •Doctors look for some significant features oCheck if the 46 chromosomes are present oCheck the presence of the two identical chromosomes oCheck the sex chromosomes oCheck if there are any missing or rearranged chromosomes ...
structure and mechanism of dna polymerases
... idea, proposed by Watson and Crick (1953a,b) based on the structure of DNA, was that selection could be determined by the A‐T and G‐C hydrogen bond–mediated base pairing. However, replicative polymerases have error rates for nucleotide insertion in the range of 10–3–10–6/base replicated and the diff ...
... idea, proposed by Watson and Crick (1953a,b) based on the structure of DNA, was that selection could be determined by the A‐T and G‐C hydrogen bond–mediated base pairing. However, replicative polymerases have error rates for nucleotide insertion in the range of 10–3–10–6/base replicated and the diff ...
Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders
... pericentric inversion in chromosome 18 appears to have contributed to the evolution of humans. This inversion is not present in our closest genetic relatives, the chimpanzees. Humans and chimpanzees dier cytogenetically by pericentric inversions on several chromosomes and by the fusion of two separ ...
... pericentric inversion in chromosome 18 appears to have contributed to the evolution of humans. This inversion is not present in our closest genetic relatives, the chimpanzees. Humans and chimpanzees dier cytogenetically by pericentric inversions on several chromosomes and by the fusion of two separ ...
Methods of Human Heredity Study
... become heterochromatic only at certain stages. For instance, in female humans one X-chromosome is inactivated or becomes heterochromatic only facultatively. It is also established that DNA in heterochromatic regions replicates at a time different than the DNA in euchromatic regions, and that genes i ...
... become heterochromatic only at certain stages. For instance, in female humans one X-chromosome is inactivated or becomes heterochromatic only facultatively. It is also established that DNA in heterochromatic regions replicates at a time different than the DNA in euchromatic regions, and that genes i ...
Detection of chromosome 2 and chromosome 7 within X-ray
... lagging chromosomes induced by spindle poisons is micronucleation, which occurs after mitosis during nuclear membrane formation. The cytokinesis block method using cytochalasin B allows detection of cells which have undergone division, as binucleated cells, and micronuclei occurring in such cells ca ...
... lagging chromosomes induced by spindle poisons is micronucleation, which occurs after mitosis during nuclear membrane formation. The cytokinesis block method using cytochalasin B allows detection of cells which have undergone division, as binucleated cells, and micronuclei occurring in such cells ca ...
Telomere
A telomere is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences at each end of a chromatid, which protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration or from fusion with neighboring chromosomes. Its name is derived from the Greek nouns telos (τέλος) 'end' and merοs (μέρος, root: μερ-) 'part.' For vertebrates, the sequence of nucleotides in telomeres is TTAGGG. This sequence of TTAGGG is repeated approximately 2,500 times in humans. During chromosome replication, the enzymes that duplicate DNA cannot continue their duplication all the way to the end of a chromosome, so in each duplication the end of the chromosome is shortened (this is because the synthesis of Okazaki fragments requires RNA primers attaching ahead on the lagging strand). The telomeres are disposable buffers at the ends of chromosomes which are truncated during cell division; their presence protects the genes before them on the chromosome from being truncated instead.Over time, due to each cell division, the telomere ends become shorter. They are replenished by an enzyme, telomerase reverse transcriptase.