Genit 3
... It is seen in mitosis, where you see the doubling of the one chromosome, and held together by a centromere (at which point in mitosis that will split apart, and each separate chromatid will go towards the centrioles). Sister chromatids are identical to each other. During S phase of the cell cycle th ...
... It is seen in mitosis, where you see the doubling of the one chromosome, and held together by a centromere (at which point in mitosis that will split apart, and each separate chromatid will go towards the centrioles). Sister chromatids are identical to each other. During S phase of the cell cycle th ...
How dormant origins promote complete genome replication
... Licensing is the loading of MCM2-7 complexes onto DNA. This occurs from late mitosis to early G1 phase and marks all potential origins of replication for use in the upcoming S phase. MCM2-7 is a hetero-hexameric complex comprising each of the six highly related MCM2, MCM3, MCM4, MCM5, MCM6 and MCM7 ...
... Licensing is the loading of MCM2-7 complexes onto DNA. This occurs from late mitosis to early G1 phase and marks all potential origins of replication for use in the upcoming S phase. MCM2-7 is a hetero-hexameric complex comprising each of the six highly related MCM2, MCM3, MCM4, MCM5, MCM6 and MCM7 ...
HUMAN CHROMOSOMES
... chromatids remain attached, but also containing the kinetochore, the point of spindle attachment. Each chromatid contains two arms: short (p) and long (q), separated by primary constriction. The ends of chromatids are called telomeres, which contain repetitions of TTAGGG sequence. They prevent the f ...
... chromatids remain attached, but also containing the kinetochore, the point of spindle attachment. Each chromatid contains two arms: short (p) and long (q), separated by primary constriction. The ends of chromatids are called telomeres, which contain repetitions of TTAGGG sequence. They prevent the f ...
Qβ replicase discriminates between legitimate and illegitimate
... thermodynamically more stable than are the intrastand secondary structures: If a mixture of complementary is annealed (melted and then slow cooled), they are completely converted into double helix. • Within the replicative complex, the template and the nascent strands are close to one another, which ...
... thermodynamically more stable than are the intrastand secondary structures: If a mixture of complementary is annealed (melted and then slow cooled), they are completely converted into double helix. • Within the replicative complex, the template and the nascent strands are close to one another, which ...
Low chromosome number angiosperms
... suspension culture of B. dichromosomatica induced from a cotyledo-derived callus evidenced a stable diploid karyotype and one cell line with 2n=5 only. Adachi et al. (1997) reported chromosomal location of 45S and 5S rDNA in all the species of B. lineariloba complex. In B. dichromosomatica each of t ...
... suspension culture of B. dichromosomatica induced from a cotyledo-derived callus evidenced a stable diploid karyotype and one cell line with 2n=5 only. Adachi et al. (1997) reported chromosomal location of 45S and 5S rDNA in all the species of B. lineariloba complex. In B. dichromosomatica each of t ...
early RNs, crossing over initiates, then synapsis begins Chiasmata
... • Large nested retrotransposon blocks (~50% of maize genome) is recombinationally inactive – even when in homozygous state. Also highly methylated. • Perhaps 2 levels of control – chromatin state (exposed chromosome regions more easily accessed by enzymes) plus sequence similarity. ...
... • Large nested retrotransposon blocks (~50% of maize genome) is recombinationally inactive – even when in homozygous state. Also highly methylated. • Perhaps 2 levels of control – chromatin state (exposed chromosome regions more easily accessed by enzymes) plus sequence similarity. ...
Non-homologous end-joining factors of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
... Z. Dudášová et al. / FEMS Microbiology Reviews 28 (2004) 581–601 ...
... Z. Dudášová et al. / FEMS Microbiology Reviews 28 (2004) 581–601 ...
lecture 1 File
... When bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) infect a bacterial cell, their normal mode of reproduction is to harness the replicational, transcriptional, and translation machinery of the host bacterial cell to make numerous virions, or complete viral particles, including the viral DNA or RNA a ...
... When bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) infect a bacterial cell, their normal mode of reproduction is to harness the replicational, transcriptional, and translation machinery of the host bacterial cell to make numerous virions, or complete viral particles, including the viral DNA or RNA a ...
as Adobe PDF - Edinburgh Research Explorer
... 1993; Li and Botchan, 1993). On the basis of these observations, a model has been proposed where p53 binds to cellular origins of replication and there may interact with key replication proteins to block entry into S phase or to direct S phase cells into apoptosis (Pietenpol and Vogelstein, 1993). I ...
... 1993; Li and Botchan, 1993). On the basis of these observations, a model has been proposed where p53 binds to cellular origins of replication and there may interact with key replication proteins to block entry into S phase or to direct S phase cells into apoptosis (Pietenpol and Vogelstein, 1993). I ...
Cytogenetics
... Loss or gain of a single chromosome(s) Results from errors in division during meiosis, where a daughter cell receives both pairs of a particular chromosome (nondisjunction errors). Addition of an extra chromosome, trisomy, has been described for all the chromosomes but only three autosomal trisomies ...
... Loss or gain of a single chromosome(s) Results from errors in division during meiosis, where a daughter cell receives both pairs of a particular chromosome (nondisjunction errors). Addition of an extra chromosome, trisomy, has been described for all the chromosomes but only three autosomal trisomies ...
Chapter 16: THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE (DNA
... • Early in the twentieth century, scientists knew that the genes are on the chromosomes, but they did not know the composition of genes. The identification of the molecules of inheritance was a major challenge to biologists. • DNA and proteins were the candidates for the genetic material, but protei ...
... • Early in the twentieth century, scientists knew that the genes are on the chromosomes, but they did not know the composition of genes. The identification of the molecules of inheritance was a major challenge to biologists. • DNA and proteins were the candidates for the genetic material, but protei ...
STRUCTURE AND DIAGNOSTIC APPLICATIONS OF DNA
... like scissors, that can cut DNA at particular sites (Recognition Sites) in the DNA molecule; • Recognition sites are Palindromic in nature; that is • Nucleotide sequence of each DNA strand is the same when each is read in 5’ to 3’ direction; • Restriction enzymes can cut the Phosphodiester bonds on ...
... like scissors, that can cut DNA at particular sites (Recognition Sites) in the DNA molecule; • Recognition sites are Palindromic in nature; that is • Nucleotide sequence of each DNA strand is the same when each is read in 5’ to 3’ direction; • Restriction enzymes can cut the Phosphodiester bonds on ...
An RNA transcriptional regulator templates its own regulatory RNA
... with RNA polymerase (RNAP)1. In a recent report in Science, Wassarman and Saecker show that 6S RNA forms specific interactions with RNAP to prevent it from associating with its typical target, the promoter DNA2. 6S RNA associates with the active site of RNAP and serves as a template for the synthesi ...
... with RNA polymerase (RNAP)1. In a recent report in Science, Wassarman and Saecker show that 6S RNA forms specific interactions with RNAP to prevent it from associating with its typical target, the promoter DNA2. 6S RNA associates with the active site of RNAP and serves as a template for the synthesi ...
Mutation, Mutagens, and DNA Repair
... the DNA strand around the lesion; one participates in removing the damaged bit; DNA polymerase replaces the portion which was removed; and a final enzyme called DNA ligase glues the new and old portions back together. Mutations in the genes coding for any of these proteins will interfere with the pr ...
... the DNA strand around the lesion; one participates in removing the damaged bit; DNA polymerase replaces the portion which was removed; and a final enzyme called DNA ligase glues the new and old portions back together. Mutations in the genes coding for any of these proteins will interfere with the pr ...
DNA - IPN-Kiel
... All living things, from bacteria to plants, animals and ourselves, contain the same basic DNA (there are a few viruses that contain a related molecule RNA of which more later). Curiosity alone drove James Watson, an American biologist, and Francis Crick, an English physicist, both working at the Cav ...
... All living things, from bacteria to plants, animals and ourselves, contain the same basic DNA (there are a few viruses that contain a related molecule RNA of which more later). Curiosity alone drove James Watson, an American biologist, and Francis Crick, an English physicist, both working at the Cav ...
Chromosome - World of Teaching
... eukaryotic cell is also organized differently from that of prokaryotic cells. The genomes of prokaryotes are contained in single chromosomes, which are usually circular DNA molecules. In contrast, the genomes of eukaryotes are composed of multiple chromosomes, each containing a linear molecular of D ...
... eukaryotic cell is also organized differently from that of prokaryotic cells. The genomes of prokaryotes are contained in single chromosomes, which are usually circular DNA molecules. In contrast, the genomes of eukaryotes are composed of multiple chromosomes, each containing a linear molecular of D ...
Modified PDF
... The different arrangement of the hinge region connecting the C-terminal arm to the core (Kanellopoulos et al. 1996) shows that the protein chain can adopt different conformations. What is the significance of this flexibility for the function of DBP? When proline residues were introduced in the hinge ...
... The different arrangement of the hinge region connecting the C-terminal arm to the core (Kanellopoulos et al. 1996) shows that the protein chain can adopt different conformations. What is the significance of this flexibility for the function of DBP? When proline residues were introduced in the hinge ...
Regulation of 6sg expression site transcription and switching in
... DNA rearrangements. As new tools yield better insights into the complexity of nuclear organization in other systems, the long-standing idea that there is a single nuclear transcription site or other physical site-specific effect, at which only one ES transcription complex can be assembled or stabili ...
... DNA rearrangements. As new tools yield better insights into the complexity of nuclear organization in other systems, the long-standing idea that there is a single nuclear transcription site or other physical site-specific effect, at which only one ES transcription complex can be assembled or stabili ...
DNA crosslinking and biological activity of a
... of DNA, and especially interstrand crosslinks, lead to cell death if not repaired. Because of their relatively simple structure and high reactivity, nitrogen mustards have a very limited DNA sequence selectivity and rapidly lose their activity by non-speci®c interaction with a number of nucleophilic ...
... of DNA, and especially interstrand crosslinks, lead to cell death if not repaired. Because of their relatively simple structure and high reactivity, nitrogen mustards have a very limited DNA sequence selectivity and rapidly lose their activity by non-speci®c interaction with a number of nucleophilic ...
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is an essential component of a
... What have they shown? • Rdp1 localized at heterochromatin (centromeres, telomeres, mat locus) • Rdp1 localization depends of RITS, Dcr1, and heterochromatin assembly factors • Their Rdp1 mutant construct is expressed at the same level, but with the mutation normally silent genes are expressed • The ...
... What have they shown? • Rdp1 localized at heterochromatin (centromeres, telomeres, mat locus) • Rdp1 localization depends of RITS, Dcr1, and heterochromatin assembly factors • Their Rdp1 mutant construct is expressed at the same level, but with the mutation normally silent genes are expressed • The ...
Sequence-specific RNA Photocleavage by Single
... before they could be broadly adapted as genomic or therapeutic tools. Since the first description of RNA interference (RNAi), there has been rapid progress towards its application as a therapeutic modality6. The mechanism of the RNAi is that the RNAi (the length of RNA must be longer than 21 bases), ...
... before they could be broadly adapted as genomic or therapeutic tools. Since the first description of RNA interference (RNAi), there has been rapid progress towards its application as a therapeutic modality6. The mechanism of the RNAi is that the RNAi (the length of RNA must be longer than 21 bases), ...
Identification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA ligase IV
... restriction enzyme digestion: a function which cannot be complemented by CDC9. Lig4p acts in the same DNA repair pathway as the DNA end-binding protein Ku. However, unlike Ku, it does not function in telomere length homeostasis. These findings indicate diversification of function between different e ...
... restriction enzyme digestion: a function which cannot be complemented by CDC9. Lig4p acts in the same DNA repair pathway as the DNA end-binding protein Ku. However, unlike Ku, it does not function in telomere length homeostasis. These findings indicate diversification of function between different e ...
Honor Genetics DNA structure and replication
... on a medium containing nucleotide precursors labeled with a heavy isotope of nitrogen, 15N. The bacteria incorporated the heavy nitrogen into their DNA. The scientists then transferred the bacteria to a medium with only 14N, the lighter, more common isotope of nitrogen. Any new DNA that the bacteria ...
... on a medium containing nucleotide precursors labeled with a heavy isotope of nitrogen, 15N. The bacteria incorporated the heavy nitrogen into their DNA. The scientists then transferred the bacteria to a medium with only 14N, the lighter, more common isotope of nitrogen. Any new DNA that the bacteria ...
Extreme Radiation Resistance by Interdependent DNA
... fragment assembly2,3,8. This molecular transaction is formally akin to the computer-assisted contig assembly of shotgun sequenced random genomic fragments2. Because D. radiodurans recA and polA are its most radiation sensitive mutants2,3, the RecA recombinase and DNA polymerase I (PolA) are essentia ...
... fragment assembly2,3,8. This molecular transaction is formally akin to the computer-assisted contig assembly of shotgun sequenced random genomic fragments2. Because D. radiodurans recA and polA are its most radiation sensitive mutants2,3, the RecA recombinase and DNA polymerase I (PolA) are essentia ...
Modeling Spatial Correlation of DNA Deformation
... ABSTRACT: We report a study of DNA deformations using a coarsegrained mechanical model and quantitatively interpret the allosteric effects in protein−DNA binding affinity. A recent single-molecule study (Kim et al. Science 2013, 339, 816) showed that when a DNA molecule is deformed by specific binding o ...
... ABSTRACT: We report a study of DNA deformations using a coarsegrained mechanical model and quantitatively interpret the allosteric effects in protein−DNA binding affinity. A recent single-molecule study (Kim et al. Science 2013, 339, 816) showed that when a DNA molecule is deformed by specific binding o ...
Telomere
A telomere is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences at each end of a chromatid, which protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration or from fusion with neighboring chromosomes. Its name is derived from the Greek nouns telos (τέλος) 'end' and merοs (μέρος, root: μερ-) 'part.' For vertebrates, the sequence of nucleotides in telomeres is TTAGGG. This sequence of TTAGGG is repeated approximately 2,500 times in humans. During chromosome replication, the enzymes that duplicate DNA cannot continue their duplication all the way to the end of a chromosome, so in each duplication the end of the chromosome is shortened (this is because the synthesis of Okazaki fragments requires RNA primers attaching ahead on the lagging strand). The telomeres are disposable buffers at the ends of chromosomes which are truncated during cell division; their presence protects the genes before them on the chromosome from being truncated instead.Over time, due to each cell division, the telomere ends become shorter. They are replenished by an enzyme, telomerase reverse transcriptase.