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MONDAY 1/30/17 • AIM: How are nucleic acids built? • DO NOW: 1- Explain the difference between structure and function • 2- Identify and label the building blocks of DNA. • 3- Identify each letter of D,N and A • HOMEWORK: 1- Bring in review book • 2- Textbook reaqd pages 329-331. Answer questions 2 and 3 on page 332 DO NOW ANSWER • Structure is how something is built • Function is what something does • EX: DNA is built from nucleotides which combine in specific sequences to carry instructions for building new cells Nucleotide: phosphate group+ 5 Carbon sugar + Nitrogen Base Nucleic Acids are built from Nucleotides • DNA: Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid • RNA: Ribonucleic Acid Nucleic Acids are chains of Nucleotides Nucleotide structure 5-Carbon Sugar: Ribose or Deoxyribose Nitrogen Bases: A,T,C,G,U • Adenine • Thymine • Cytosine • Guanine • Uracil DNA base pairs: RNA Nitrogen Bases https://www.youtube.com/w atch?v=_POdWsii7AI DNA is a double helix • James Watson and Francis Crick • Cold Spring Harbor • 2 strands of nucleotides • Bonded together to form a spiral or helix • Sugar phosphate backbone • Nitrogen bases in the middle • A-T • C-G DNA double helix • The two strands are antiparralle:l they run in opposite directions • Nitrogen bases are held together by weak hydrogen bonds • Two hydrogen bonds between Adenine and Thymine • Three hydrogen bonds between Cytosine and Guanine Explain the difference between DNA and RNA Tuesday 1/31/17 • AIM: How does DNA replicate? • DO NOW: Create a Venn diagram comparing and contrasting DNA and RNA • Homework: Textbook Read pages 333-334. What is an okazaki fragment? Answer q 1 and 2 pg 335 Create a Venn diagram of DNA and RNA Similarities between DNA and RNA • Phosphate group • A,C,G • Both are made in the nucleus What is the complementary strand of DNA? • ACGTTTACGGAAC • TGCAAATGCCTTG Where is DNA located? Where is RNA located? DNA is in the nucleus. RNA is made in the nucleus but travels to the cytoplasm • RNA is made in the nucleoli but can travel out to the cytoplasm How is the structure of DNA related to its function? Function of DNA is to carry the hereditary information from cell to cell and parent to offspring DNA-gene-chromosome • Specific sequences of nucleotides make up a gene • Genes are only parts of DNA • DNA condenses to form chromosomes • So Chromosomes carry genes • Chromosomes carry information from cell to cell and from parent to offspring Genes • Coding regions of DNA • Hold the code or instructions to build a protein • The protein causes a chemical reaction that results in a physical trait Gene-protein Wednesday 2/1/17 • AIM: How Is the semi-conservative model of DNA created? • Do now: 1-Explain the relationship between DNA, gene and chromosome. • 2-Why does DNA replicate? • 3-When does DNA replicate? • HOMEWORK: Text read 336-338. q 2 pg 341 Chromosomes • We have 46 chromosomes • Each cell has 1 nucleus that contains 46 chromosomes that carry thousands of genes 2n=46 Why does DNA replicate? To make genetically identical cells. Identical to each other and to the parent cell that they came from. DNA replication • During S phase of Interphase • Purpose is to make genetically identical cells • ALL 46 chromosomes are copied Homologous Chromosomes: Sister Chromatids DNA Replication How are nitrogen bases held together? Weak Hydrogen bonds hold nitrogen bases together A=T C= G DNA replication • Because the two DNA strands run antiparallel • One strand is synthesized continuously and one in fragments DNA replication: Enzymes catalyze each step • DNA helicase: unzips Hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases • Primase: bonds to the origin site • DNA polymerase: attaches free nucleotides to synthesizing strand • Base pair rules • DNA ligase: glues okazaki fragments together Replicate the following • GCCTTAAGTCATGCA • CGGAATTCAGTACGT • GCCTTAAGTCATGCA • CGGAATTCAGTACGT • GCCTTAAGTCATGCA • CGGAATTCAGTACGT DNA Replication creates semi-conservative model: the replicated DNA consists of one original and one new strand Assessment • On a clean sheet of paper, show the final product of DNA replication. You may use pen and pencil or obtain a colored pencil to represent the new strand. • GATTACCGTA • CTAATGGCAT