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Transcript
Animal Cell Labels Feature Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Actin filaments (formerly Microfilaments) Intermediate Filaments Microtubules Plasma Membrane Nucleus Nucleolus Nuclear Pore Description Jelly-like material that contains all the contents of the cell within the cell membrane and outside the nucleus Dynamic network of protein fibers including actin filaments, intermediate filament, and microtubules. Long thin flexible fibers made out of the protein Actin. Each filament has two chains twisted together in a spiral. Intermediate in size, found in rope-like bundles. Function Serves as the "molecular soup" in which the organelles are suspended and held together. Maintains the cell's shape. Moves organelles and their products within the cell. Enables cell to move. Form a dense web under the plasma membrane to which they are attached. Acts as the tracks that chloroplasts move on. Aid in cell-to-cell junctions, (gives skin its strength) and support the nuclear envelope and plasma membrane. Small hollow cylinders Conveyer belts inside the made of tubulin. cells that move vesicles, granules, organelles like mitochondria, and chromosomes via special attachment proteins. Aid in cell reproduction. Outer surface of the cell Separates the contents of consisting of proteins the cell from the that span the membrane environment and regulates surrounded by a which substances come in phospholipid bilayer and out of the cell. Round membraneContains genetic bound structure located information (DNA) and near the center of the serves as the control center cell and contains the for the cell. The nucleus nucleolus and controls the synthesis of chromatin. proteins in the cytoplasm through the use of messenger RNA. Dark spherical region of Produces ribosomal chromatin in the nucleus subunits. Malfunction of that contains proteins nucleoli can be the cause and nucleic acids. for several human diseases. Tiny holes in the nuclear Nuclear pores serve as envelope passageways for water- Sound Chromatin Nuclear Envelope Chromosomes Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) Mass of genetic material composed of long relaxed strands of DNA and proteins Double-layered membrane that encloses the nucleus. The outer layer is continuous with the membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Numerous ribosomes are attached to the surface. The outer membrane is also continuous with the inner nuclear membrane since the two layers are fused together at numerous tiny holes called nuclear pores that perforate the nuclear envelope. It is a single piece of coiled DNA. Chromosomes are normally constant in number within the species. Human DNA is structured into rod-like structures, found in pairs in the nucleus. Folded membranous sheets and sac-like structures surrounding the nucleus and studded with ribosomes. The ribosomes only bind to the ER once it begins to synthesize a protein destined for sorting. System of membranous channels that is soluble molecules in and out of the nucleus. This transport includes RNA and ribosomes moving from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and proteins moving into the nucleus. Condense to form chromosomes and allow for transcription of DNA into RNA. Encloses the nucleus of the cell. Protects DNA from cytoplasmic enzymes. Chromosomes are the essential unit for cellular division and must be replicated, divided, and passed successfully to their daughter cells. Synthesizes proteins and packages them in vesicles, which then commonly go to the Golgi apparatus. The RER works with the Golgi complex to target new proteins to their proper destinations. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) has continuous with the RER. Same general structure as the RER except no ribosomes. Lipids Ribosomes Centrioles Mitochondria Naturally occurring molecules made up of a glycerol and fatty acid chains. Non-membrane bound particles that contain two subunits, one large and one small, a mix of proteins and RNA. They are either found freely in the cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum. Free ribosomes and bound ribosomes are interchangeable and the cell can change their numbers according to metabolic needs. Composed 25% of the cell's mass. Paired cylindrical organelles near the nucleus composed of nine tubes each with three tubules. *Not in plant cells. Mitochondria are the second largest organelles. They have two membranes (not one as in other organelles). The outer membrane covers the organelle and contains it. The inner membrane folds (cristae) over many times increasing the functions in several metabolic processes, including synthesis of lipids and steroids, metabolism of carbohydrates, regulation of calcium concentration, drug detoxification, attachment of receptors on cell membrane proteins, and steroid metabolism Used as the main component of cell membranes to form the permeability barrier. Lipids are also involved in energy storage and cell signaling. Particles where RNA is translated into protein during the protein synthesis process. Free ribosomes usually make proteins that will function in the cytoplasm. Bound ribosomes usually make proteins that are exported or included in the cell's membranes. Major microtubule organizing center for the cell. Lie at right angles to form spindle fibers that separate chromosomes during cell division. Lysosome Golgi apparatus Vesicles surface area inside the organelle. Single membrane vesicles produced by the Golgi apparatus. Lysosomes float in the cytoplasm until they are needed. They vary in shape depending on process being carried out. They vary in shape depending on the process being carried out. Symmetrical, stack of flat membrane-bounded sacs (cisternae) similar to a stack of pancakes located between the endoplasmic reticulum and the cell surface. Small membranebound sac. Vesicles can fuse with the plasma membrane to release their contents outside of the cell or fuse with other organelles within the cell. A lysosome is a specialized vesicle that holds a variety of enzymes to assist in digesting and recycling old cell parts. The Golgi apparatus processes the proteins and lipids synthesized in the ER and sends them through the plasma membrane. Vesicles store, transport, or digest cellular products and waste.