Download Cell Organelles - Taran D. Thompson

Cell Organelles
microscopic “organ – like”
structures that help the cell to
function
Two types of cells
• Prokaryotic: cells without a nucleus; such as
Bacteria
•Eukaryotic: cells with a nucleus;
such as animal cells and plant cells
Cell Membrane
•
•
•
•
found in all cells
The outer “skin”
Made of fats and proteins
is semi-permeable (has holes
in it )
FUNCTIONS:
Allows for passage of materials in
and out of the cell
Used for cell communication and
identification
Cell Wall
• a tough outer coat
• found in ONLY plant cells &
some bacteria cells
FUNCTIONS :
Adds extra protection
and support to plant cells
Cytoplasm
• Found in all cells
• The watery medium
inside the cell
• Made of mostly water
FUNCTIONS :
Holds up / supports the
organelles
Stores energy
Cytoskeleton
• Found in both
prokaryotes and
eukaryotes.
• The cytoskeleton
helps to support the
cell and maintain its
shape
• It is made up of
microtubules and
microfilaments.
Nucleus
• found in all EUKARYOTIC
cells (plants, animals, fungi
and protists)
• Largest organelle
FUNCTIONS :
Has DNA inside
Is the “control” center of the
cell
Bacteria cells do not have one
= PROKARYOTES
Nucleolous
• found inside the nucleus
FUNCTIONS :
Has RNA inside
Gives instructions for the
making of protein
Nuclear Membrane
• the porous “skin” around the
nucleus
FUNCTIONS :
Allows things to enter and
leave the nucleus
Ribosomes
• smallest cell organelle
• found in ALL cells
• small round “specks”
FUNCTIONS :
where proteins are
manufactured
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Membrane bound tubules and sacs that are
covered with ribosomes.
• Transports proteins to Golgi apparatus and
other things around cytoplasm.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Does not have
ribosomes attached.
• Lipids are made here
and attached to
proteins.
• Things leaving the
smooth ER are
transported in
vesicles.
Golgi Bodies (or Golgi Apparatus)
• looks like a stack of
pancakes (with syrup)
FUNCTIONS :
to make vesicles to ship
molecules around cell.
“packages” things for the cell
Mitochondria
• large “peanut” shaped
organelle
• has folded membranes
inside
• nicknamed the
“powerhouse” of the cell
FUNCTIONS :
a factory where ENERGY is
made
Chloroplasts
• found ONLY in plant and some
protists cells
• green football-shaped
organelles
FUNCTIONS :
to make food for plant cells
through the process of
photosynthesis
Lysosomes
• nicknamed “suicide packets”
• has digestive acids inside
• has a double lined
membrane
FUNCTIONS :
helps the cell to digest food
***can burst and kill itself ***
Vacuoles
• small storage units in all
cells
• large water vacuole in plant
cells called “central vacuole”
FUNCTIONS :
Stores material for the cell
including water and nutrients
Centrioles
• Only found in animal cells
• “bundles of sticks”
FUNCTIONS :
helps the cell with reproduction
Cilia and Flagella
• Found in prokaryote and eukaryote cells.
• Made of microtubules and help different
cells move.
• Cilia and flagella differ in their beating
patterns