Download Organelles in Plant and Animal Cells

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Organelles in Plant and Animal
Cells
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Cell Diversity
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Not all cells are alike! They vary in…
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A) size
B) shape
C) internal organization
SIZE: range from .2m – 0.2um (most are 10-50um)
-not all are microscopic (most are) ex: giraffe’s nerve cells extend
6.5 ft. down it’s leg!!
Cells are limited in size by the ratio
between their outer surface area
and their volume
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Eukaryotes
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THE NUCLEUS separate the genetic material from the rest of
the cell
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Variety of organisms; large and complex
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Internal Organization
Organelles:
parts of a
cell, have specific jobs
Tissues:
groups of cells
that have a similar function
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Skin Cells
Organ Systems
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Organ
systems- a group of
organs that work together to
perform a set of related tasks.
Digestive system includes: the
stomach, esophagus, intestines
and mouth.
 Cells→Tissues→Organs→Organ
Systems
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Human Circulatory System
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Cell Organelles!
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Cell Membrane – separates cell from external environment,
gives shape and flexibility to cell
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selectively permeable – some substances can pass while others
cannot
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Lipid bilayer
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Hydrophillic (water loving)
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Hydrophoic (water fearing)
+ Continue…
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Cytoplasm:
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Portion outside the nucleus
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Gelatin like aqueous fluid called cytosol
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Cytoplasmic streaming
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Mostly water but also salts and organic molecules
+ Continue…
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Mitochondia: power house of the cell! Where cellular
respiration occurs
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Convert chemical energy stored in food  production of ATP
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Has it’s own DNA
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Cristae: inner membrane creating many folds to increase
surface area
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Ribosomes: where proteins are made; found throughout
cytoplasm; protein “factory”
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Free Floating Ribosome: make proteins for the cell
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Ribosomes attached to ER: make proteins to be exported from the
cell
+ Continue…
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Endoplasmic Reticulum: (ER) acts as a highway for molecules
to move around the cell.
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Smooth ER: does NOT contain ribosomes; Contains enzymes that
detoxify drugs (in liver cells) or synthesizes lipids
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Rough ER: does contain ribosomes; Produces proteins for other
membranes or for secretion (export)
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Golgi Apparatus (bodies) processes, packages, and secretes
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a) product is assembled (moves from ER to golgi, where it is put
together and adjusted)
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b) product is packaged (in new sacs)
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c) product is mailed out (sent out of cell)
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Cilia: short hair like projections beat together to move an
organism ex: humans trachea cilia move fluids and mucus!
YUM
+ Continue…
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Flagella: long, whiplike projections, single or in pairs, rapid
movement, ex: sperm
+ Continue….
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Nucleus: brains! Control center of cell, DNA & RNA are made
here!
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Nuclear envolope: double membrane with pores
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Chromatin: fine strands of DNA & protein
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Nucleolus: inside nucleus where ribosomes are made
+ Continue…
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Lysosome: digestive enzymes, digest food, disease causing
bacteria, old organelles, ex: lysosomes eat up tissue between
fingers in embryos, usually only in animal cells
+ Continue…
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Cytoskeleton- helps shape & support cells
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Microtubules: long slender protein tubes form spindle fibers
during mitosis (separate chromosomes during mitosis)
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Microfilaments: fine protein threads (actin), flexible framework for
the cell, participate in cytoplasmic movements
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Animal cell only!
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Centrioles: cell reproduction; organize cell division
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Centrosome: cell reproduction
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Animal Cell
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Oranelles in Plant Cells ONLY
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Cell Wall: rigid covering made of cellulose, protects cell,
goes OUTSIDE cell membrane, porous enough for certain
substances
+ Continue….
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Central Vacuole: huge structure which may take up 90%
of the space in plant cell
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Holds water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
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Increases rigidity
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Contractile vacuole
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Some unicellular organisms have a contractile vacuole to
pump out excess water
+ Continue….
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Plastids
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a) chloroplasts : site for photosynthesis; green pigment 
chlorophyll; capture energy from sunlight and convert it into
food for chemical energy
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b) chromoplasts: stores red and yellow pigment
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c) leucoplasts: non pigmented
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PLANT
CELL
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Prokaryotes
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DO NOT separate genetic material within a nucleus
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Simpler than eukaryotes
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Still carry out life processes