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Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Biology I
Flora
Cells
• Divided into 2 parts:
– Nucleus – Contains cells DNA and is control center
of cell
• Surrounded by nuclear envelope – contains thousands
of pores that allow material to move in and out
• Material inside nucleus is called chromatin
– Chromatin – consists of DNA and proteins
– Chromosomes – thread-like structure within nucleus that
contains genetic information and is passed on from
generation to generation
– Cytoplasm – portion of cell outside nucleus
Cont. Cells
• Nucleolus – makes ribosomes
• Ribosomes – make proteins
– Factory ex: nucleus (Mr. L) – ribosomes (Mr. Flo)
– Located in cytoplasm or on rough ER
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• 2 Types
– Rough ER –
• main function is to synthesize proteins
• Studded with ribosomes
– Smooth ER –
• Contains enzymes that function in making lipids and
detoxification of drugs
– Ex: liver cells
Golgi Apparatus
• Golgi Apparatus – main function is to modify,
sort, and package proteins and other materials
made in ER
• This is the “touch-up” shop in the factory
– Proteins are touched up then shipped
Lysosomes
• Small organelles filled with enzymes that
digest and breakdown lipids, carbohydrates,
and proteins
• Also breakdown worn-out organelles
• Ex: Ms. Tracy
– Ex: tay-sachs disease
Vacuole
• Sac-like structures that store materials such as
salt, water, proteins, and carbohydrates
• Plants – have a large central vacuole
• Animals have many smaller vacuoles
– Ex: the closets of the school
Mitochondria
• Main function is to convert chemical energy
stored in food into compounds
organisms/cells can use (ATP)
• “White-River Electric” of cell – power source
of cell
• Thank your MOMMA!!!
– Mitochondria are inherited from her
Chloroplast
• These organelles capture energy from sunlight
and convert it into chemical energy in a
process called photosynthesis
• Found in plant cells
• Endosymbiotic theory???
Cytoskeleton
• Supporting structure and transport system for
the cell
– Network of protein filaments that help cell
maintain its shape
• Microtubules – hollow structures made from protein
tubulin
– Maintain cell shape and aid in cell division
• Microfilaments – thread-like structures made from
protein actin
– Help cell move and provide support
Structures Cont.
• Cell Membrane – semi-permeable barrier
around the cell that regulates what enters and
leaves the cell
• Cell Wall – Provides support and protection
– NOT found in animal cells
• Centrioles - Located near nucleus and aid in
cell division
– NOT found in plant cells!!