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Transcript
Eukaryotic Cell Structures Biology I Flora Cells • Divided into 2 parts: – Nucleus – Contains cells DNA and is control center of cell • Surrounded by nuclear envelope – contains thousands of pores that allow material to move in and out • Material inside nucleus is called chromatin – Chromatin – consists of DNA and proteins – Chromosomes – thread-like structure within nucleus that contains genetic information and is passed on from generation to generation – Cytoplasm – portion of cell outside nucleus Cont. Cells • Nucleolus – makes ribosomes • Ribosomes – make proteins – Factory ex: nucleus (Mr. L) – ribosomes (Mr. Flo) – Located in cytoplasm or on rough ER Endoplasmic Reticulum • 2 Types – Rough ER – • main function is to synthesize proteins • Studded with ribosomes – Smooth ER – • Contains enzymes that function in making lipids and detoxification of drugs – Ex: liver cells Golgi Apparatus • Golgi Apparatus – main function is to modify, sort, and package proteins and other materials made in ER • This is the “touch-up” shop in the factory – Proteins are touched up then shipped Lysosomes • Small organelles filled with enzymes that digest and breakdown lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins • Also breakdown worn-out organelles • Ex: Ms. Tracy – Ex: tay-sachs disease Vacuole • Sac-like structures that store materials such as salt, water, proteins, and carbohydrates • Plants – have a large central vacuole • Animals have many smaller vacuoles – Ex: the closets of the school Mitochondria • Main function is to convert chemical energy stored in food into compounds organisms/cells can use (ATP) • “White-River Electric” of cell – power source of cell • Thank your MOMMA!!! – Mitochondria are inherited from her Chloroplast • These organelles capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis • Found in plant cells • Endosymbiotic theory??? Cytoskeleton • Supporting structure and transport system for the cell – Network of protein filaments that help cell maintain its shape • Microtubules – hollow structures made from protein tubulin – Maintain cell shape and aid in cell division • Microfilaments – thread-like structures made from protein actin – Help cell move and provide support Structures Cont. • Cell Membrane – semi-permeable barrier around the cell that regulates what enters and leaves the cell • Cell Wall – Provides support and protection – NOT found in animal cells • Centrioles - Located near nucleus and aid in cell division – NOT found in plant cells!!