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Catalyst #2: November 12, 2013 (4 minutes)
1. What type of cell contains a nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles?
2. What important structure do prokaryotic cells
not have?
3. The Golgi apparatus is a membrane-bound
organelle. You discover a cell with a Golgi
apparatus. What type of cell is it?
4. What type of organism– prokaryote or
eukaryote is pictured below?
Agenda
•
•
•
•
Catalyst (5 minutes)
Organelle Notes (10 minutes)
Organelle Whiteboard Activity (10 minutes)
Labeling and Review Questions (10
minutes)
• Exit Ticket (3 minutes)
• Homework:
– Quiz tomorrow (Chapter 7; Section 1)
– Read section 7.3 in your book
Agenda: Honors
•
•
•
•
Catalyst (5 minutes)
Organelle Notes (10 minutes)
Organelle Jigsaw ( 15 minutes)
Review questions (Remainder)
• Homework:
– Quiz tomorrow (Chapter 7; Section 1)
– Read section 7.3 in your book
– Honors Project
Announcements
• Grade slips/Mastery
• Discovery letters
• Dojo
Unit 5: Guiding Questions
• What are all living organisms made up
of?
• What does each part of the cell do?
• What different types of cells exist and
how are they different?
Today’s Objectives
• SWBAT describe the structure and function of
the plasma membrane, nucleus,
mitochondria, and lysosomes
•
• SWBAT identify and label the plasma
membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and
mitochondria
Cellular Organelles
Biology
Unit 5
Lesson 4
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
• Review questions
• On whiteboards
• Expectations/Rules
Question
• Who discovered the cell in 1665?
• Answer: Robert Hooke
Question
• What three features do all cells
have?
• Answer: Cell membrane, cytoplasm,
genetic material
Question
• What is the name of the outer layer of
the cell that consists of two layers of
lipids?
• Answer: The cell membrane
Question
• What two types of genetic material can
be found in cells?
• Answer: DNA and RNA
Question
• What type of cell contains a nucleus
and membrane-bound organelles?
• Answer: Eukaryotic
Question
• The Golgi apparatus is a membrane-bound
organelle that packages the proteins
produced in cells. In what type of cells is the
Golgi apparatus found?
• Answer: Eukaryotic
Question
• What type of cell is
pictured to the right?
• How do you know?
• Answer: Prokaryotic
(no nucleus or
membrane-bound
organelles)
Question
• What type of cell is
pictured to the left?
• How do you know?
• Answer: Eukaryotic (it
has a nucleus and
membrane-bound
organelles
Question
• Each Chlamydia bacterium is
a unicellular organism also. Is
Chlamydia a prokaryote or
eukaryote?
• Answer: Prokaryote
Question
• Is a mushroom a prokaryote
or eukaryote?
• How do you know?
• Answer: Eukaryote, because it
is multi-cellular
Review: Cells
• All organisms are made up of one or
more cells
• All cells have three features:
– Cell membrane
– Cytoplasm
– Genetic material
Review: Prokayotic vs. Eukaryotic
• PROKARYOTIC
– No nucleus
– No membranebound organelles
– Only unicellular
organisms
– Example: Bacteria
• EUKARYOTIC
– Have a nucleus
– Have membranebound organelles
– Can form multicellular organisms
– Examples: All cells in
plants, animals,
humans
Honors: Specialized Form, Function,
and Size
• Because a major theme in
Biology is function dictates
form, not all cells look alike.
– Examples: Nerve cells, Fat cells
(Adipose cells), White blood cells
Honors: Specialized Form, Function,
and Size
• The human body consists of
two hundred cell types, each
with a different function and
different form.
• Even though cell have different
functions, they all have the
same organelles.
Organelles
• Every structure in the cell has a specific
function that is important to the cell
• Organelles are small structures inside of
the cell that have specific functions
• Only eukaryotic cells have membranebound organelles
Factory Analogy
• To help us remember all
the organelles and their
functions, we will make
comparisons to jobs/roles
in a factory/business.
Cell Membrane
• One structure that all cells
have is a cell membrane
• Organelle: Cell Membrane
– Outer layer of lipids around
the cell
• Function: Controls what
enters and leaves the cell.
It is “selectively
permeable”
– Selects what goes through and
what doesn’t
– Factory Role: Security Guard
Cell Membrane
Membrane-Bound Organelles
• The next three structures are membranebound organelles
• In what type of cell are they located?
– Only eukaryotic cells
Nucleus
• One key organelle found only
in eukaryotic cells is the
nucleus
• Organelle: Nucleus
– Large round structure with dark
center (nucleolus)
• Function: Stores genetic
material and controls the
activities of the cell
– “Brain” or “command center” of
the cell
– Factory Role: The Boss/CEO
Nucleus: Honors
• One key organelle found only in eukaryotic
cells is the nucleus
• Organelle: Nucleus
– Large round structure with dark center
(nucleolus)
• Function: Stores genetic material and
controls the activities of the cell
• Genetic material contained as
chromosomes
• Surrounded by a protective nuclear
envelope that contains pores and is semipermeable like the cell membrane
– “Brain” or “command center” of the cell
– Factory Role: The Boss/CEO
Nucleus
Mitochondria
• Another key organelle found in
eukaryotic organelles is the
mitochondrion
• Organelle: Mitochondria
– Oval structure with inner folds
• Function: Produce energy known
as ATP for the cell
– “Powerhouse” of the cell
– Factory Role: Power source
Mitochondria: Honors
• Another key organelle found in eukaryotic
organelles is the mitochondrion
• Organelle: Mitochondria
– Oval structure with inner folds
• Function: Produce energy known as ATP for
the cell through the process of cellular
respiration
• Mitochondria contain their own DNA that is
used to compensate for any defects
– “Powerhouse” of the cell
– An average cell can contain 2,500 of them
– Factory Role: Power source
Mitochondrion
Lysosomes
• Lysosomes are another membranebound organelle
• Structure: Lysosomes
– Smaller round structures
• Function: Destroy waste and digest
macromolecules inside the cell
• Factory Role: Janitors
Lysosomes
Summary
• The eukaryotic cell has many structures with
many important functions
– Cell membrane– selects what enters and leaves
the cell
– Nucleus– stores genetic material and controls
cellular activities
– Mitochondria– produce energy for the cell in the
form of ATP
– Lysosomes– destroy waste and digest
macromolecules
Instructions: Regular
• Match the organelle name + function to the
large cell on the board; copy these
labels/functions down onto the cell on your
notes.
Instructions: Honors
• Divided into groups
• Your group will be assigned an organelle that
we discussed today
• You will have ONE MINUTE to find an object in
our classroom that exemplifies the FUNCTION
of the organelle.
• Fill out your group slip.
• As each group presents, fill out your
evaluation table.
Exit Ticket
• Answer the questions below without using
your notes:
1. What is the function of the cell
membrane?
2. What organelle stores genetic material in
the eukaryotic cell?
3. What is the function of mitochondria?
Catalyst: November 13, 2013
• You need a sheet of paper
numbered 1 – 10 for our
Cell quiz.
Agenda
• Catalyst: 10 minutes
• Cellular Organelles: Part 2: 15 minutes
• Review Questions + Grudgeball: Remainder
– FINISH CELLULAR ORGANELLES WORKSHEET
– Read section 7.3 in your book
Agenda: Honors
•
•
•
•
Catalyst: 10 minutes
Cellular Organelles: Part 2: 15 minutes
Prepare Overton bacteria cultures: 15 minutes
Review Questions: Remainder
– FINISH CELLULAR ORGANELLES WORKSHEET
– Read section 7.3 in your book
– Honors Project
Announcements
• Dojo review
• Mastery slips
• Discovery letters
Review
• What is the function of the cell membrane?
– Controls what enters and leaves the cell
• What is the function of the nucleus?
– Controls the activities of the cell
• What do mitochondria do?
– Produce energy (ATP) for the cell
• What do lysosomes do?
– Destroy waste inside the cell
Ribosomes
• Ribosomes are important organelles that are
not membrane-bound
• Organelle: Ribosomes
– Tiny, round structures
• Function: Synthesize (produce) proteins
needed by the cell
– Location of protein synthesis
– Can be found free in cytoplasm or attached to the
endoplasmic reticulum
– Factory Role: Production Machines
Ribosomes: Honors
• Ribosomes are important organelles that are
not membrane-bound
• Organelle: Ribosomes
– Tiny, round structures
• Function: Synthesize (produce) proteins
needed by the cell
– Location of protein synthesis
– Can be found free in cytoplasm (used for protein
production) or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
(used for export)
– Factory Role: Production Machines
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a series
of folded membranes that surrounds the
nucleus and spreads throughout the cell
• Two types:
– Rough ER– covered by ribosomes
– Smooth ER– not covered by ribosomes
Rough ER
• The rough endoplasmic reticulum is only in
eukaryotic cells
• Organelle: Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
– Series of folded membranes covered by ribosomes
• Function: Transports proteins throughout the
cell
– Roads for proteins
– Factory Role: Assembly line
Rough ER
Smooth ER
• The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is only
in the eukaryotic cell
• Organelle: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
– Not covered by ribosomes
• Function: Synthesizes (produces) lipids for
the cell
• Factory Role: Assembly line
Smooth ER: Honors
• The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is only
in the eukaryotic cell
• Organelle: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
– Not covered by ribosomes
• Function: Synthesizes (produces) lipids for
the cell
• Detoxifies drugs and poisons from the
body
Smooth ER
Golgi Apparatus
• The Golgi apparatus is another membranebound organelle
• Organelle: Golgi apparatus
– Stack of membranes (What does it look like?!)
• Function: Sorts and packages proteins and
lipids to be shipped out of the cell
• Factory Role: Delivery Trucks
Golgi Apparatus
Peroxisomes
• Organelle: Peroxisomes
• Function: Detoxification
of cellular waste
• Factory role: Hazardous
materials cleanup
Vacuoles
• Organelle: Vacuole
• Function: Stores water;
breakdown; chemical storage
• Factory role: Storage closets
Summary
• Many of the organelles have functions
involving proteins and also lipids
– Ribosomes synthesize proteins
– The rough ER then transports the proteins
throughout the cell
– The smooth ER synthesize lipids
– The Golgi apparatus packages the proteins and
lipids to be shipped out of the cell
Instructions: Regular
• Complete the Cellular Organelles Worksheet
• We will play Grudgeball to review the
questions after ten minutes.
• Any questions not finished will be due for
homework.
Instructions: Honors
• Prepare Overton Bacteria Cultures
• Overview
• Materials
• Procedure
Exit Ticket: Day 2
1. What is the function of the ribosomes?
2. What does the rough ER do with
proteins?
3. What part of the cell synthesizes
(produces) lipids?
4. What does the Golgi apparatus do?