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CHAPTER 10 The Nervous System-PretestFIZZ 10-1 CHAPTER 10 The Nervous System- 1. IDENTIFY STRUCTURE #2 NISSL BODY AXON HILLOCK MYELIN SHEATH SCHWANN CELL DENDRITE AXON SOMA TERMINAL BOUTON NODE OF RANVIER DIRECTION OF ACTION POTENTIAL 10-1 CHAPTER 10 The Nervous System- 2. IDENTIFY STRUCTURE #7 NISSL BODY AXON HILLOCK MYELIN SHEATH SCHWANN CELL DENDRITE AXON SOMA TERMINAL BOUTON NODE OF RANVIER DIRECTION OF ACTION POTENTIAL 10-1 CHAPTER 10 The Nervous System- 3. IDENTIFY STRUCTURE #6 NISSL BODY AXON HILLOCK MYELIN SHEATH SCHWANN CELL DENDRITE AXON SOMA TERMINAL BOUTON NODE OF RANVIER DIRECTION OF ACTION POTENTIAL 10-1 CHAPTER 10 The Nervous System- 4. IDENTIFY STRUCTURE #10 NISSL BODY AXON HILLOCK MYELIN SHEATH SCHWANN CELL DENDRITE AXON SOMA TERMINAL BOUTON NODE OF RANVIER DIRECTION OF ACTION POTENTIAL 10-1 CHAPTER 10 The Nervous System- 5. IDENTIFY STRUCTURE #5 NISSL BODY AXON HILLOCK MYELIN SHEATH SCHWANN CELL DENDRITE AXON SOMA TERMINAL BOUTON NODE OF RANVIER DIRECTION OF ACTION POTENTIAL 10-1 Chapter 10: Nervous System I 6. These Cell Types of Neural Tissue support neurons? 10-2 Divisions of the Nervous System 7. The Central Nervous System Composed of the the ____________ And __________ chord 10-1 Divisions of Peripheral Nervous System 8. This Divisions of the Motor system carries information to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. Somatic or Autonomic? 10-4 Classification of Neurons 9. An example of a Bipolar neuron can be found in __________ • Your skin • Your heart • Your retina 10-9 Types of Neuroglial Cells 10. These cells make myelin in the Central Nervous system Schwann Cells Oligodendrocytes Microglia Astrocytes Ependyma 10-11 Types of Neuroglial Cells 11. These cells make myelin in the Peripheral Nervous system Schwann Cells Oligodendrocytes Microglia Astrocytes Ependyma 10-11 Types of Neuroglial Cells 12. These cells make Cerebrospinal fluid Schwann Cells Oligodendrocytes Microglia Astrocytes Ependyma 10-11 Types of Neuroglial Cells 13. These cells are part of te CNS immune function Schwann Cells Oligodendrocytes Microglia Astrocytes Ependyma 10-11 Resting Membrane Potential 14. The interior of the axon is relatively Negative or Positive? 10-14 Resting Membrane Potential 15. The NaKATPase is ______________ Pumping? Sometimes Always Never 10-14 Potential Changes 16. The Action Potential begins when these channels open and the membrane depolarizes Na K Ca 10-15 Saltatory Conduction 17. Saltatory Conduction occurs? Along the entire length of the axon or Only at the nodes of Ranvier 10-20 Synaptic Transmission 18. Neuro-transmitters are released when a. impulse reaches synaptic knob b. Depolarization opens Calcium channels c. Vesicles fuse d. All of the above 10-22 Synaptic Potentials 19. This type of stimulus hyperpolarizes membrane of postsynaptic neuron AND an action potential of postsynaptic neuron becomes less likely EPSP OR IPSP 10-23 Synaptic Potentials 20. This type of stimulus depolarizes membrane of postsynaptic neuron and an action potential of postsynaptic neuron becomes more likely IPSP OR EPSP 10-23 Neurotransmitters 21. These are produced by the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus in vertebrates during exercise, excitement, pain, consumption of spicy food. Also known as ENDOGENOUS OPIATES they contribute to the feeling of well-being and act similarly to opiates. They are also known to reduce pain and anxiety. Acetylcholine Dopamine Serotonin Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Glutamate Endorphins Epinephrine and Norepinephrine Neurotransmitters 22. This is a neurotransmitter in both the peripheral nervous system, where it activates the muscles, and the central nervous system, where it acts as a neuromodulator upon plasticity, arousal and reward. It is one of many neurotransmitters in the autonomic nervous system and the only neurotransmitter used in the motor division of the somatic nervous system. Acetylcholine Dopamine Serotonin Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Glutamate Endorphins Epinephrine and Norepinephrine Neurotransmitters 23. This is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GABRA1 gene. It acts at inhibitory synapses in the brain by binding to specific transmembrane receptors in the plasma membrane of both pre and postsynaptic neuronal processes. The primary role of this neurotransmitter is to slow down the neuron activity. Acetylcholine Dopamine Serotonin Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Glutamate Endorphins Epinephrine and Norepinephrine Neurotransmitters 24. This is a monoamine neurotransmitter, usually found in the gastrointestinal tract, platelets and the central nervous system. This chemical is also known as the “happiness hormone”, because it arouses feelings of pleasure and well-being. Low levels of serotonin are associated with increased carbohydrate cravings, depression, sleep deprivations and hypersensitivity to pain. Acetylcholine Dopamine Serotonin Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Glutamate Endorphins Epinephrine and Norepinephrine Neurotransmitters 25. This neurotransmitter is produced in quite a few areas of the brain, including the substantia nigra and the ventral tegmental area. It is also a neurohormone released by the hypothalamus. Its principle hormonal role is to inhibit the release of prolactin from the anterior lobe of the pituitary. Dopamine has important roles in behavior and cognition, voluntary movement, motivation, punishment and reward, sleep, mood, attention, working memory and learning. Acetylcholine Dopamine Serotonin Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Glutamate Endorphins Epinephrine and Norepinephrine Neurotransmitters 26. This is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate nervous system. It is also the major excitatory transmitter in the brain, and major mediator of excitatory signals in the mammalian central nervous system, involved in most aspects of normal brain functions including cognition, memory and learning. It also tastes like chicken soup Acetylcholine Dopamine Serotonin Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Glutamate Endorphins Epinephrine and Norepinephrine CHAPTER 10 The Nervous System-FIZZ 1 1. IDENTIFY STRUCTURE #2 NISSL BODY AXON HILLOCK MYELIN SHEATH SCHWANN CELL DENDRITE AXON SOMA TERMINAL BOUTON NODE OF RANVIER DIRECTION OF ACTION POTENTIAL 10-1 CHAPTER 10 The Nervous System-FIZZ 1 2. IDENTIFY STRUCTURE #7 NISSL BODY AXON HILLOCK MYELIN SHEATH SCHWANN CELL DENDRITE AXON SOMA TERMINAL BOUTON NODE OF RANVIER DIRECTION OF ACTION POTENTIAL 10-1 CHAPTER 10 The Nervous System-FIZZ 1 3. IDENTIFY STRUCTURE #8 NISSL BODY AXON HILLOCK MYELIN SHEATH SCHWANN CELL DENDRITE AXON SOMA TERMINAL BOUTON NODE OF RANVIER DIRECTION OF ACTION POTENTIAL 10-1 CHAPTER 10 The Nervous System-FIZZ 1 4. IDENTIFY STRUCTURE #10 NISSL BODY AXON HILLOCK MYELIN SHEATH SCHWANN CELL DENDRITE AXON SOMA TERMINAL BOUTON NODE OF RANVIER DIRECTION OF ACTION POTENTIAL 10-1 CHAPTER 10 The Nervous System-FIZZ 1 5. IDENTIFY STRUCTURE #5 NISSL BODY AXON HILLOCK MYELIN SHEATH SCHWANN CELL DENDRITE AXON SOMA TERMINAL BOUTON NODE OF RANVIER DIRECTION OF ACTION POTENTIAL 10-1 Chapter 10: Nervous System I 6. These Cell Types of Neural Tissue support neurons? NEUROGLIA 10-2 Divisions of the Nervous System 7. The Central Nervous System Composed of the the BRAIN And SPINAL chord 10-1 Divisions of Peripheral Nervous System 8. This Divisions of the Motor system carries information to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. Somatic or Autonomic? 10-4 Classification of Neurons 9. An example of a Bipolar neuron can be found in __________ • Your skin • Your heart • Your retina 10-9 Types of Neuroglial Cells 10. These cells make myelin in the Central Nervous system Schwann Cells Oligodendrocytes Microglia Astrocytes Ependyma 10-11 Types of Neuroglial Cells 11. These cells make myelin in the Peripheral Nervous system Schwann Cells Oligodendrocytes Microglia Astrocytes Ependyma 10-11 Types of Neuroglial Cells 12. These cells make Cerebrospinal fluid Schwann Cells Oligodendrocytes Microglia Astrocytes Ependyma 10-11 Types of Neuroglial Cells 13. These cells are part of the CNS immune function Schwann Cells Oligodendrocytes Microglia Astrocytes Ependyma 10-11 Resting Membrane Potential 14. The interior of the axon is relatively Negative or Positive? 10-14 Resting Membrane Potential 15. The NaKATPase is ______________ Pumping? Sometimes Always Never 10-14 Potential Changes 16. The Action Potential begins when these channels open and the membrane depolarizes Na K Ca 10-15 Saltatory Conduction 17. Saltatory Conduction occurs? Along the entire length of the axon or Only at the nodes of Ranvier 10-20 Synaptic Transmission 18. Neuro-transmitters are released when a. impulse reaches synaptic knob b. Depolarization opens Calcium channels c. Vesicles fuse d. All of the above 10-22 Synaptic Potentials 19. This type of stimulus hyperpolarizes membrane of postsynaptic neuron AND an action potential of postsynaptic neuron becomes less likely EPSP OR IPSP 10-23 Synaptic Potentials 20. This type of stimulus depolarizes membrane of postsynaptic neuron and an action potential of postsynaptic neuron becomes more likely IPSP OR EPSP 10-23 Neurotransmitters 21. These are produced by the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus in vertebrates during exercise, excitement, pain, consumption of spicy food. Also known as ENDOGENOUS OPIATES they contribute to the feeling of well-being and act similarly to opiates. They are also known to reduce pain and anxiety. Acetylcholine Dopamine Serotonin Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Glutamate Endorphins Epinephrine and Norepinephrine Neurotransmitters 22. This is a neurotransmitter in both the peripheral nervous system, where it activates the muscles, and the central nervous system, where it acts as a neuromodulator upon plasticity, arousal and reward. It is one of many neurotransmitters in the autonomic nervous system and the only neurotransmitter used in the motor division of the somatic nervous system. Acetylcholine Dopamine Serotonin Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Glutamate Endorphins Epinephrine and Norepinephrine Neurotransmitters 23. This is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GABRA1 gene. It acts at inhibitory synapses in the brain by binding to specific transmembrane receptors in the plasma membrane of both pre and postsynaptic neuronal processes. The primary role of this neurotransmitter is to slow down the neuron activity. Acetylcholine Dopamine Serotonin Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Glutamate Endorphins Epinephrine and Norepinephrine Neurotransmitters 24. This is a monoamine neurotransmitter, usually found in the gastrointestinal tract, platelets and the central nervous system. This chemical is also known as the “happiness hormone”, because it arouses feelings of pleasure and well-being. Low levels of serotonin are associated with increased carbohydrate cravings, depression, sleep deprivations and hypersensitivity to pain. Acetylcholine Dopamine Serotonin Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Glutamate Endorphins Epinephrine and Norepinephrine Neurotransmitters 25. This neurotransmitter is produced in quite a few areas of the brain, including the substantia nigra and the ventral tegmental area. It is also a neurohormone released by the hypothalamus. Its principle hormonal role is to inhibit the release of prolactin from the anterior lobe of the pituitary. Dopamine has important roles in behavior and cognition, voluntary movement, motivation, punishment and reward, sleep, mood, attention, working memory and learning. Acetylcholine Dopamine Serotonin Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Glutamate Endorphins Epinephrine and Norepinephrine Neurotransmitters 26. This is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate nervous system. It is also the major excitatory transmitter in the brain, and major mediator of excitatory signals in the mammalian central nervous system, involved in most aspects of normal brain functions including cognition, memory and learning. It also tastes like chicken soup Acetylcholine Dopamine Serotonin Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Glutamate Endorphins Epinephrine and Norepinephrine