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Nervous System
EQ What are the different types of nervous systems in
our body?
Root Words
Neurons
Units of nervous system that transmits information in
the form of electrochemical changes
Dendrites: Receive electrochemical signals
Axons: Extensions that send information
Synapse: The junction between two communicating
neurons
Myelin Sheaths: Fatty coating around Axon that
insulates and increases rate of transition
Central Nervous System
(CNS)
Consisting of
Brain and Spinal
cord
Peripheral Nervous
System (PNS)
Consists of
peripheral nerves
that sends
message back to
CNS
2 parts:
Somatic
Autonomic
Somatic Nervous
System
Part of the PNS that is responsible for nearly all
voluntary muscle movement
Exception: Reflexes
Autonomic Nervous
System
Part of the PNS that regulates the functions of
internal organs such as the heart, stomach and
intestines.
2 parts:
Sympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous
System
Part of the Autonomic system that is responsible for
“Fight or Flight”
Works by increasing heart rate and blood pressure,
and slows down unnecessary systems
Often animals will soil themselves when fighting or
scared
Parasympathetic
Nervous System
Part of the Autonomic System that is responsible for
“Rest and Digest”
Lowers blood pressure, heart rate and works to save
energy
Brain Teaser
AHIMNOTUVW
Which of the letters above does not belong with the rest?
N It is not a mirror-image of itself
Resting Potential
When a nerve cell is undisturbed, the membrane
remains in a polarized state (Always negative inside)
Threshold Potential
Approximately -55 millivolts, a level, when reached,
will result in an action potential, sending a neural
signal.
Action Potential
Sodium ions (NA +)
and Potassium ions
(K+) diffuse in and
out of the neuron,
creating a rapid
sequence of
depolarization and
repolarization.
Anatomy of the Brain
Cerebrum : largest part
of human brain
- Responsible for:
- Thought
- Language
- Senses
- Memory
- Voluntary movement
Anatomy of the Brain
Cerebellum : at base of
brain
-Responsible for:
- Muscle coordination
- Balance
- Posture
Anatomy of the Brain
Brain Stem : connects
brain to spinal cord
-Responsible for:
- Breathing
- Swallowing
- Heartbeat
- Blood pressure
Brain Teaser
There is a town where 5% of all the people living there
have unlisted phone numbers. If you selected 100
names at random from the town’s phone directory, on
average, how many of these people would have unlisted
phone numbers?
0 They would not be in the phone book if their number
was unlisted
Problems of the Nervous
System
Concussion
A temporary
disturbance of the
brain’s ability to
function due to a
hard blow to the
head
Paralysis
A loss of sensation and
movement of part of
the body due to an
injury of the spinal
cord or brain
Parkinson’s Disease
The brain does not produce enough of the
neurotransmitter that transmits messages
from the brain to the muscles
Symptoms: tremors, rigid muscles, shuffling
walk, and loss of facial expression
Red areas
show where
chemical is
stored
Alzheimer’s Disease
A gradual shrinking of the neurons in the cerebrum
Symptoms: memory loss, emotional disturbances,
inability to function on own, death
Epilepsy
Abnormal transmission of messages between
the neurons in the brain
Symptoms: seizures
On the left side of your notebook
Draw a human body and label the
location of the different nervous
systems. Then describe the role of
each of the different nervous
systems.