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Nervous System EQ What are the different types of nervous systems in our body? Root Words Neurons Units of nervous system that transmits information in the form of electrochemical changes Dendrites: Receive electrochemical signals Axons: Extensions that send information Synapse: The junction between two communicating neurons Myelin Sheaths: Fatty coating around Axon that insulates and increases rate of transition Central Nervous System (CNS) Consisting of Brain and Spinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Consists of peripheral nerves that sends message back to CNS 2 parts: Somatic Autonomic Somatic Nervous System Part of the PNS that is responsible for nearly all voluntary muscle movement Exception: Reflexes Autonomic Nervous System Part of the PNS that regulates the functions of internal organs such as the heart, stomach and intestines. 2 parts: Sympathetic Nervous System Parasympathetic Nervous System Sympathetic Nervous System Part of the Autonomic system that is responsible for “Fight or Flight” Works by increasing heart rate and blood pressure, and slows down unnecessary systems Often animals will soil themselves when fighting or scared Parasympathetic Nervous System Part of the Autonomic System that is responsible for “Rest and Digest” Lowers blood pressure, heart rate and works to save energy Brain Teaser AHIMNOTUVW Which of the letters above does not belong with the rest? N It is not a mirror-image of itself Resting Potential When a nerve cell is undisturbed, the membrane remains in a polarized state (Always negative inside) Threshold Potential Approximately -55 millivolts, a level, when reached, will result in an action potential, sending a neural signal. Action Potential Sodium ions (NA +) and Potassium ions (K+) diffuse in and out of the neuron, creating a rapid sequence of depolarization and repolarization. Anatomy of the Brain Cerebrum : largest part of human brain - Responsible for: - Thought - Language - Senses - Memory - Voluntary movement Anatomy of the Brain Cerebellum : at base of brain -Responsible for: - Muscle coordination - Balance - Posture Anatomy of the Brain Brain Stem : connects brain to spinal cord -Responsible for: - Breathing - Swallowing - Heartbeat - Blood pressure Brain Teaser There is a town where 5% of all the people living there have unlisted phone numbers. If you selected 100 names at random from the town’s phone directory, on average, how many of these people would have unlisted phone numbers? 0 They would not be in the phone book if their number was unlisted Problems of the Nervous System Concussion A temporary disturbance of the brain’s ability to function due to a hard blow to the head Paralysis A loss of sensation and movement of part of the body due to an injury of the spinal cord or brain Parkinson’s Disease The brain does not produce enough of the neurotransmitter that transmits messages from the brain to the muscles Symptoms: tremors, rigid muscles, shuffling walk, and loss of facial expression Red areas show where chemical is stored Alzheimer’s Disease A gradual shrinking of the neurons in the cerebrum Symptoms: memory loss, emotional disturbances, inability to function on own, death Epilepsy Abnormal transmission of messages between the neurons in the brain Symptoms: seizures On the left side of your notebook Draw a human body and label the location of the different nervous systems. Then describe the role of each of the different nervous systems.