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Unit 2 Exam Review Supplemental Instruction Iowa State University 1. The chemical produced in a cell that activates cell enzymes, producing a response to a signal outside the cell is known as the a. Ligand b. Primary messenger c. Secondary messenger d. Protein kinase 2. Which of the following best describes the type of signaling that involves voltage-gated ion channels in nerve and muscle tissue? a. Chemical signaling b. Electrical signaling c. Contact signaling d. Facilitated diffusion 3. Far-sightedness associated with aging is called a. Presbyopia b. Emmetropia=normal vision c. Myopia=near sighted d. Hyperopia= far sighted e. Astigmatism=asymmetric lens 4. Name the receptor associated with static equilibrium: a. Ampulla b. Cristae c. Maculae d. Cupula 5. Hair cells in the organ of Corti detect pressure changes in the a. Scala vestibuli b. Scala media c. Scala tympani 6. Which neurotransmitter acts as a natural opiate? (beta endorphin, dynorphin, enkephalins) a. Acetylcholine b. Dopamine c. Serotonin d. Enkephalin Leader: Kali Course: BIOL 256 Instructor: Dr. Haen 2/26/15 Date: c. Increased diameter d. Decreased diameter Myelin sheath 9. The resting membrane potential is preserved by what mechanism? a. The passive leakage of K+ and Na+ through ion channels b. Active transport of Na+ out of and K+ into the cell<c. Increased Na+ permeability of voltage gated channels d. Increased K+ permeability of voltage gated channels 10. What is the graded potential threshold? a. -90 mV b. -70 mV c. -55 mV d. +30 mV e. +55 mV 11. The second messenger used for detecting the presence of an odorant molecule is: a. A chemoreceptor b. cAMP c. G protein d. Phosphodiesterase e. Extracellular ligand 12. Very low pitched sounds we can barely hear bend organ of Corti hair cells a. In the portion of the organ of Corti in the scala media b. In the portion of the organ of Corti in the endolymph c. In the portion of the organ of Corti near the round and oval windows d. In the portion of the organ of Corti near the helicotrema 13. Light passes through the following structures in which order? a. Cornea, vitreous humor, lens, aqueous humor b. Lens, vitreous humor, cornea, aqueous humor c. Cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor d. Cornea, lens, aqueous humor, vitreous humor e. Lens, aqueous humor, cornea, vitreous humor 7. The sum of visual input from ____ rod(s) stimulates ___ ganglion cell(s). This results in _____ vision. a. Many, many, indistinct b. Many, one, indistinct c. One, one, indistinct d. Many, many, distinct e. One, one distinct Cones=1, 1, distinct 14. When most dreaming takes place, your sleep is characterized by: a. Temporary skeletal paralysis, except for the extrinsic eye muscles b. Decreased oxygen use, especially in the cerebral cortex c. Vital signs decreasing, deepened sleep d. Irregular EEG patterns showing alpha bursts or K complexes 8. Which would increase transmission speed of an axon potential? a. No myelin sheath b. Increased length 15. Which controls the motor aspects of speech? a. Broca’s area of the cerebellum b. Broca’s area of the cerebrum c. Wernicke’s area of the cerebellum 1060 Hixson-Lied Student Success Center 515-294-6624 [email protected] http://www.si.iastate.edu d. Wernicke’s area of the cerebrum=understanding speech d. Hyper potential 16. Which of the following inhibits inspiration? a. Medullary rhythmicity center=breathing rate b. Amygdala=emotions c. Hypothalamus=control center d. Pons pneumotaxic center e. Pons apneustic center=stimulates inspiration 24. The role of acetylcholinesterase is to a. Stimulate the production of serotonin by limbic system neurons b. Amplify or enhance the effect of Ach c. Act as a transmitting agent d. Destroy Ach shortly after its release by axonal endings 17. An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is associated with: a. Resting potential b. Graded potential c. Depolarization-EPSP d. Repolarization e. Hyperpolarization 25. Which of the following neurotransmitters is used by the forebrain and is associated with behavior and rewards, e.g. addictions? a. Serotonin=sleep cycles, emotions b. Dopamine c. Norepinephrine-fight or flight, stimulates d. Substance P=pain e. Nitric Oxide=relaxes smooth muscles, learning and memory 18. Which autonomic fiber releases norepinephrine as its neurotransmitter? a. Pre-ganglionic sympathetic fiber b. Post-ganglionic sympathetic fiber c. Pre-ganglionic and post-ganglionic sympathetic fiber d. Pre-ganglionic parasympathetic fiber e. Post-ganglionic parasympathetic fiber f. Pre-ganglionic and post-ganglionic parasympathetic fiber A,d,e =Ach 19. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors bind receptors on the a. Postsynaptic neuron b. Synaptic cleft c. Synapse d. Presynaptic neuron e. Myelin sheath 20. The sodium-potassium pump: a. Pumps 3 Na+ ions out of the cell and 2 K+ ions into the cell b. Pumps 3 Na+ ions into the cell and 2 K+ ions out of the cell c. Pumps 2 Na+ ions out of the cell and 3 K+ ions into the cell d. Pumps 2 Na+ ions into the cell and 2 K+ ions out of the cell 21. Neurotransmitter is released from rods and cones in the: a. Light=decrease neurotransmitter b. Dark c. There is no neurotransmitter released from rods and cones 22. Exocytosis of synaptic vesicles is dependent upon: a. Decreased extracellular sodium b. Increased intracellular calcium c. Increased intracellular sodium d. Decreased extracellular calcium e. Decreased intracellular potassium 23. In which type of potential is the magnitude directly proportional to the stimulus? a. Action potential b. Resting potential c. Graded potential 26. The post-ganglionic neuron arises in ganglia ___ the central nervous system and travels to the ___. a. Outside, effector b. Inside, effector c. Outside, spinal cord d. Inside, cerebrum 27. When you experience a sour taste, a. Sweet molecules bind to the receptor, closing K+ and causing depolarization b. There is a decrease in Ca2+, causing depolarization c. H+ blocks the K+ channel, causing depolarization d. Bitter molecules close K+ channels, causing depolarization e. Na+ goes inside the cell, causing depolarization 28. Odor signals are processed and sent to the olfactory cortex by the: a. Cribiform plate=bone b. Mitral cells c. Saccule=in ear d. Retina=eye e. Nasal concha=bone 29. When a postsynaptic neuron receives repeated stimuli in a short time, this causes a. Spatial summation b. Temporal summation c. Tonic reception d. Phasic reception 30. A neuronal circuit that concentrates or directs a large number of incoming impulses to a rather small number of neurons is called a(n) a. Converging circuit b. Diverging circuit c. Increasing circuit d. Decreasing circuit 31. Which of the following effects gene expression directly? a. Non-polar primary signal molecules b. Polar primary signal molecules c. Secondary signal molecules d. All the above 32. Which is the correct order of an action potential down a neuron? a. Soma-dendrite-axon terminals b. Dendrite-axon terminals-soma c. Axon terminals-dendrite-soma d. Dendrites-soma-axon terminals 33. Which is more common in mammals? a. Electrical synapse b. Chemical synapse 34. In an inhibitory post-synaptic potential, the cell membrane becomes more permeable to a. Na b. Cl c. Ca d. Fe 35. Which one is correctly paired up? a. CNS and nerves b. CNS and tracts c. PNS and tracts d. None of the above 36. Which is true regarding norepinephrine? a. It is mostly taken up by the presynaptic cell b. Utilized by the sympathetic nervous system c. Also called adrenaline=epinephrine d. All of the above->just A and C 37. Which amino acid neurotransmitter is related to Huntington’s disease? a. Glutamate b. GABA c. Glycine d. Strychine 38. Which would be the best method for viewing sleep disorders? a. fMRI=measures oxygen in blood b. EEG c. PET=measure metabolic activity d. TMS=magnetic field stimulates part of the brain 39. Which wave is rhythmic, more irregular waves occurring during the awake and mentally alert state? a. Alpha b. Beta c. Theta d. Delta 40.What stage of NREM are “K-complexes” found? a. Stage 1 b. Stage 2 c. Stage 3 d. Stage 4 41. Which is not involved in fact memory? a. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex b. Hippocampus c. Amygdala d. Corpus striatum of basal nuclei 42. Which of the following is false regarding cholinergic neurotransmitters in the ANS? a. In all the pre-ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic NS b. In all the post-ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic NS c. In all the pre-ganglionic neurons of the sympathetic NS d. In all the post-ganglionic neurons of the sympathetic NS 43. division exerts short-lived, highly localized control. a. Sympathetic b. Parasympathetic c. CNS d. Thalamus 44. Where is the main integration center of ANS activity? a. Cerebral cortex b. Thalamus c. Limbic system d. Hypothalamus 45. What is the difference between the spinothalamic and dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway? a. Second order fibers in the spinothalamic pathway cross to contalateral side in medulla b. Third order neurons in the dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway bring the stimulus to the premotor cortex c. First order neurons in the dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway ascend from the spinal cord to the medulla d. Third order neurons in the spinothalamic pathway bring stimulus to the cerebral cortex 46. Which does not contain taste buds? a. Fungiform b. Circumvallate c. Filiform 47. What must happen to the chemical in order for “taste” to take affect? a. Filiform is depolarized b. Contact gustatory hairs c. Dissolved in water d. All of the above 48. Which of the following respond to changes in velocity of rotational head movements? a. Ampulla b. Semicircular canals c. Crista ampullaris d. Hair cells 49. Which is the correct order of the visual pathway? a. Primary visual cortex-optic radiations-optic chiasm b. Nasal retina-lateral geniculate- optic chiasm-optic nerve c. Optic nerve-optic chiasm-optic tract-lateral geniculate primary visual cortex d. Primary visual cortex-optic radiations-nasal retina-optic nerve