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Master Controlling and communicating system of the body
Sensory input – monitoring stimuli occurring inside and outside the body
Integration – interpretation of sensory input
Motor Output – response to stimuli by activating effector organs
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PNS has 2 functional divisions
Sensory (afferent) division
Somatic afferent fibers – carry impulses from skin, skeletal muscles, and
joints to the brain
Visceral afferent fibers – transmit impulses from visceral organs to the brain
Motor (efferent) division - transmits impulses from the CNS to effector organs, (2 main
parts)
Somatic motor nervous system – conscious control of skeletal muscles
Autonomic motor nervous system (ANS) - regulates smooth muscle, cardiac
muscle, and glands, (2 divisions)
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
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Provide supportive scaffolding for neurons
Segregate and insulate neurons
Promote health and growth
Astro=star shape
Micro= small shape
Epen= very close to epi meaning on top (also realated to tissues squamos or columnar)
Oligodendro= dendro close to dandruff, since oligodendrocytes are white due to the myelin
sheath and dandruff is also white
Satellite= are the same as a regular dish satellite, the way I see it, is as if it was on a roof
the same way it is on the axon
Schwann = close to swan which are also white, schwann cells form myelin
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They support and brace neurons
Anchor neurons to their nutrient supplies
Guide migration of young neurons
Control the chemical environment
Best way to remember Astrocyte is by the structure and teminology.
The word Astro means star, so by looking at the shape it lookes like a star.
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Phagocytes that monitor the health of neurons
Micro means small and this cell is a small defensive cell in the CNS
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Line central cavities of the brain and spinal cord
Help circulate cerebrospinal fluid with cilia
Ependymal Cells you have to go back to tissues since they are ciliated and look squamous
and columnar
They are also related to the word epi which means on top
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The best way to remember this cell is by comparing dendro to dandruff since they are both
white do to their nature
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Memorizing these cells are easier since they both work together.
Satellite Cells actually look like they form a satellite dish, u can just picture it on top of a
roof.
Schwann Cells can work as white tiles of the roof itself.
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The structural units of the nervous system
Composed of a body, axon, and dendrites
Long Lived, amitotic (don’t divide), and have a high metabolic rate
Their plasma membrane functions in electrical signaling and cell-to-cell signaling during
development
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Contains the nucleus and a nucleolus
Focal point for the outgrowth of neuronal processes
Well developed nissil bodies (rough ER)
Contains an Axon Hillock – cone shaped area from which axons arise
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Generate and transmit action potentials
Secrete neurotransmitter from the axonal terminals
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Armlike extensions from the soma
Called tracts in the CNS and nerves in the PNS
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Both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers are present
Nodes Of Ranvier are widely spaced
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Formed by Schwann cells in the PNS and oligodendrocytes in the CNS
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Multipolar – 3 or more processes
Bipolar – 2 processes (axon and dendrite)
Unipolar – single, short process
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Sensory (afferent) – transmit impulses toward the CNS
Motor (efferent) – carry impulses away from the CNS
Interneurons (association neurons) – shuttle signals through CNS pathways
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Cordlike organ of the PNS consisting of peripheral axons enclosed by connective tissue
Sensory (afferent only) – carry impulses to the CNS
Motor (efferent only) – carry impulses from CNS
Mixed – sensory and motor fibers carry impulses to and from CNS, most common type of
nerve
These prefixes will be used through out the semester so remember them.
Epi – (upon, on top of) always representing the outer most layer of the part being
observed
Peri – (around) it is usually the second layer
End – (within) is the last layer, just thiks end = last
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