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Transcript
Biology Chapter 4 CELLS Introduction to cell 1. 2. 3. Cell Theory All living things are made of cells Cells are the basic unit of structure & function Cells only come from other living cells Cell Scientists 1. Hooke first to call them cells 2. Leeuwenhoek first to see living cells 3. Schleiden 1st to say all plants have cells 4. Schwann 1st all animals have cells 5. Virchow all cells come from other cells CELL SIZE limited to the ratio between outer surface area and the volume larger the ratio the better if a cell gets too big it cannot get nutrients in or wastes out fast enough microwave baked potato Cell Diversity Cell Shape shape is determined by its function Organization all have membranes All have genetic information Cell Types 1. Prokaryotes no nucleus no membrane bound organelles EX: bacteria Cell Types 2. Eukaryotic-- True nucleus Have membrane bound organelles small structures that have specific function in the cell EX: plants, animals Eukaryotic Cells 3 Major Regions 1. 2. 3. Cell Membrane Cytosol with cytoplasm Nucleus Parts of a Eukaryotic cell Cell Membrane Selectively permeable Some things pass through others do not Phospholipid bi-layer 1. Water loving (hydrophilic) heads 2. Water fearing (hydrophobic) tails Proteins- on the surface & within the bilayer Parts of a Eukaryotic cell Mitochondria Ribosome Golgi make ATP / energy have folded membrane called cristae make proteins Apparatus → package proteins 13 14 Parts of a Eukaryotic cell Endoplasmic Reticulum transports proteins smooth = no ribosomes rough = have ribosomes Lysosome break down old cell parts only in animal cells Cytoskeleton microfilaments & microtubules 17 Parts of a Eukaryotic cell Cillia short & many hair like move substances or cell Flagella long & one hair like, move cell Parts of a Eukaryotic cell Nucleus Has nuclear envelope chromatin that becomes chromosomes nucleolus – makes ribosomes pores – allow things in & out of nucleus control center of cell 24 Parts of a Eukaryotic cell Cell wall* made of cellulose support for a plant cell Vacuoles* store wastes & enzymes can be very large Plastids* have pigments that absorb light chloroplasts – chlorophyllphotosynthesis chromoplast – different color amyloplast – store starch Plant or Animal Multicellular Organization Cells working together make up tissue Tissues working together make organs Organs working together make organ sys Organ Systems make up organism Colonial organisms are thought to be a link between uincellular & multicellular organisms Each cell is responsible for their own self, some do functions that benefit the whole group. EX: Volvox.