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Transcript
THE CELL MEMBRANE ONLY 2 MOLECULES THICK, THIS MEMBRANE ALLOWS THE PASSAGE OF ESSENTIAL MOLECULES IN AND OUT OF THE CELL. DEFINITION: A cell membrane functions as a selective barrier that allows sufficient passage of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to service the entire volume of the cell. The cell membrane is located at the boundary of every cell. It is composed of phospholipids and proteins The membrane building blocks are phospholipids containing hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts. Every cell has a plasma membrane. Maintain a steady environment: Homeostasis THE CELL MEMBRANE The fluid mosaic model (S.J Singer) it is semi-permeable (some items are allowed in, others aren’t..it’s picky!) fluid portion is a double layer of phospholipids, called the phospholipid bilayer JOBS OF THE CELL MEMBRANE (THINK OF A POLICE OFFICER!) 1. To isolate the cytoplasm from the external environment. 2. Regulate the exchange of substances into and out of the cell. 3. To communicate with other cells. 4. To identify proteins required by the cell. WHAT THE CELL MEMBRANE IS MADE UP OF Composed of a phospholipid bilayer with a collage of many different proteins, lipids and carbohydrates. A Phospholipid is composed of 1 glycerol molecule, 2 fatty acids and 1 phosphate group. This structure causes hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. Phospholipids contain a hydrophilic head and a nonpolar hydrophobic tail. Hydrophobic interactions force the "tails" to face inward. The heads are hydrophillic (like water) The tails are hydrophobic (afraid of water) DRAW AND LABEL! LAYER MAKE-UP! The phospholipids are not bonded to each other, instead the heads line up beside each other packed together like sardines. Because the heads are close together, the membrane is said to be fluid...it can bend and twist and break off to form vesicles. LAYER MAKE-UP! The membrane is also super strong thanks to cholesterol molecules that are embedded in the membrane makes it stronger. SO HOW DO MOLECULES GO FROM THE CYTOPLASM TO THE EXTRACELLULAR FLUID? 5 VERY IMPORTANT PROTEINS! 1. Channel Proteins - form small openings for molecules to diffuse through. There are two types of channel proteins (open channel proteins and gated channel proteins). Similar to a tunnel water slide...if the slide is open and you can fit...you can go through! PROTEINS PROTEINS PROTEINS! WOW! AND MORE 2. Carrier or Transport Proteins- binding site on protein surface "grabs" certain molecules and pulls them into the cell. PROTEINS PROTEINS PROTEINS! WOW! AND MORE 3. Receptor Proteins - molecular triggers that set off cell responses (such as release of hormones or opening of channel proteins). Must be activated on one side of the cell membrane, to release something on the other side. PROTEINS PROTEINS PROTEINS! WOW! AND MORE 4. Cell Recognition Proteins - ID tags, to identify cells to the body's immune system. Very similar to security at the dance. THE LAST IMPORTANT PROTEIN FOR NOW! 5. Enzymatic Proteins - carry out metabolic reactions. There are different protein enzymes for every biochemical function in the body. These special proteins need to be activated before they are turned on. Construction of a Cell Membrane http://www.wisconline.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objID=AP1101