Epithelium and mucus
... damages. Our outer surface, the skin, is protected by layers of dead keratinized cells, whereas the epithelial surfaces within the body lining the lungs, the gastrointestinal tract as well as the reproductive and urinary tracts are composed of a single cell layer. The cells in the epithelium are tig ...
... damages. Our outer surface, the skin, is protected by layers of dead keratinized cells, whereas the epithelial surfaces within the body lining the lungs, the gastrointestinal tract as well as the reproductive and urinary tracts are composed of a single cell layer. The cells in the epithelium are tig ...
An intracellular replication niche for Vibrio cholerae in the amoeba
... free-living amoebae and V. cholerae occur in the same ecological niche (Thom et al., 1992), it is plausible that the two organisms have coevolved based on frequent encounters. We therefore aimed at better understanding the interaction between A. castellanii and V. cholerae at the single-cell level. ...
... free-living amoebae and V. cholerae occur in the same ecological niche (Thom et al., 1992), it is plausible that the two organisms have coevolved based on frequent encounters. We therefore aimed at better understanding the interaction between A. castellanii and V. cholerae at the single-cell level. ...
Actin as target for modification by bacterial protein toxins
... behavior is regulated by a large number of binding proteins, which are often the effectors of intracellular and extracellular signaling pathways. It is therefore not surprising that the actin cytoskeleton is one of the main targets of bacterial protein toxins, and thus of major importance for the ho ...
... behavior is regulated by a large number of binding proteins, which are often the effectors of intracellular and extracellular signaling pathways. It is therefore not surprising that the actin cytoskeleton is one of the main targets of bacterial protein toxins, and thus of major importance for the ho ...
Nectar: generation, regulation and ecological functions
... Nectar contains water, sugars and amino acids to attract pollinators and defenders and is protected from nectar robbers and microorganisms by secondary compounds and antimicrobial proteins. Floral and extrafloral nectar secretion can be induced by jasmonic acid, it is often adjusted to consumer iden ...
... Nectar contains water, sugars and amino acids to attract pollinators and defenders and is protected from nectar robbers and microorganisms by secondary compounds and antimicrobial proteins. Floral and extrafloral nectar secretion can be induced by jasmonic acid, it is often adjusted to consumer iden ...
EphA4 Receptor Forward Signaling Inhibits
... defects in glucagon secretion result in hyperglucagonemia and exacerbate hyperglycemia (6–8). Reducing the effects of glucagon excess is a valuable approach to prevent and ameliorate diabetic symptoms (9–11). Despite the critical role that dysfunctional glucagon secretion plays in the pathophysiolog ...
... defects in glucagon secretion result in hyperglucagonemia and exacerbate hyperglycemia (6–8). Reducing the effects of glucagon excess is a valuable approach to prevent and ameliorate diabetic symptoms (9–11). Despite the critical role that dysfunctional glucagon secretion plays in the pathophysiolog ...
Sequestration of host metabolism by an intracellular pathogen | eLife
... States; 6Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of ...
... States; 6Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of ...
The Platform Protein Is Essential for Type IV Pilus
... at 4 °C. The PAK strain of P. aeruginosa was streaked out on a 1.5% LB agar plate in a grid-like fashion and grown overnight at 37 °C. The cells were harvested by gentle scraping with a sterile coverslip and resuspended in 1⫻ PBS containing 100 mg/liter benzamidine and 10 ng/ml DNase and RNase. The ...
... at 4 °C. The PAK strain of P. aeruginosa was streaked out on a 1.5% LB agar plate in a grid-like fashion and grown overnight at 37 °C. The cells were harvested by gentle scraping with a sterile coverslip and resuspended in 1⫻ PBS containing 100 mg/liter benzamidine and 10 ng/ml DNase and RNase. The ...
Biogenesis and multifaceted roles of outer membrane
... In other secretion systems, soluble proteins are secreted into the medium and so are exposed to the potentially harsh conditions of the extracellular environment. OMVs may be a means by which soluble proteins and nucleic acids can be encapsulated in a bilayer membrane and released in a protective st ...
... In other secretion systems, soluble proteins are secreted into the medium and so are exposed to the potentially harsh conditions of the extracellular environment. OMVs may be a means by which soluble proteins and nucleic acids can be encapsulated in a bilayer membrane and released in a protective st ...
Academic paper: The free-living amoeba Willaertia magna, is
... The gram negative bacteria Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of the Legionnaire’s disease, is characterized by a facultative intracellular replication inside macrophages, monocytes or epithelial cells (Horwitz, 1983). In the environment, L. pneumophila presents a ubiquitous aquatic reparti ...
... The gram negative bacteria Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of the Legionnaire’s disease, is characterized by a facultative intracellular replication inside macrophages, monocytes or epithelial cells (Horwitz, 1983). In the environment, L. pneumophila presents a ubiquitous aquatic reparti ...
The mechanism of Stx2 enrichment in outer membrane vesicles of
... O157:H7 and its role in bacterial predation Abstract Gram negative bacteria secrete vesicles that are formed when a portion of the outer membrane “blebs off” [1]. The lumen of these outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) contains a small portion of the periplasm. However, it appears that the quantity of mos ...
... O157:H7 and its role in bacterial predation Abstract Gram negative bacteria secrete vesicles that are formed when a portion of the outer membrane “blebs off” [1]. The lumen of these outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) contains a small portion of the periplasm. However, it appears that the quantity of mos ...
Separation of Bacteria, Protozoa and Carbon Nanotubes by Density
... Tetrahymena thermophila has been utilized in isolating such unicellular organisms from pellets that also contain SWCNTs and bacteria, by pelleting the sample by centrifugation and then allowing ciliates to swim out of the pellet into the supernatant wherein they are collected [13]. Although elegant, ...
... Tetrahymena thermophila has been utilized in isolating such unicellular organisms from pellets that also contain SWCNTs and bacteria, by pelleting the sample by centrifugation and then allowing ciliates to swim out of the pellet into the supernatant wherein they are collected [13]. Although elegant, ...
Survival in Animal Cells Requires ppGpp for Internalization and
... described previously by Miller (45) except that cells were permeabilized with Koch’s lysis solution (51). For determinations of -galactosidase levels in bacteria at different stages of growth, bacteria cultured overnight were diluted 1:50 into medium with or without antibiotics as described in the ...
... described previously by Miller (45) except that cells were permeabilized with Koch’s lysis solution (51). For determinations of -galactosidase levels in bacteria at different stages of growth, bacteria cultured overnight were diluted 1:50 into medium with or without antibiotics as described in the ...
1 - The Mostowy Lab
... Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, F-75015 Paris, France Inserm, U604, F-75015 Paris, France ...
... Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, F-75015 Paris, France Inserm, U604, F-75015 Paris, France ...
Outer Membrane Vesicle-Mediated Export of
... involved in protein-protein or protein-carbohydrate interaction [12]. Our previous studies provided a crystal structure model of the PKD1 domain from V. cholerae PrtV (residues 755– 838) and revealed a Ca++-binding site which could control domain linker flexibility, presumably playing an important s ...
... involved in protein-protein or protein-carbohydrate interaction [12]. Our previous studies provided a crystal structure model of the PKD1 domain from V. cholerae PrtV (residues 755– 838) and revealed a Ca++-binding site which could control domain linker flexibility, presumably playing an important s ...
The Pathogen-Actin Connection: A Platform for Defense Signaling in
... (60). In plants, a causal link has yet to be established between the activation of MAPK signaling and the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton; however, a number of studies have independently investigated functional and regulatory processes that potentially link MAPK signaling and cortical actin dyn ...
... (60). In plants, a causal link has yet to be established between the activation of MAPK signaling and the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton; however, a number of studies have independently investigated functional and regulatory processes that potentially link MAPK signaling and cortical actin dyn ...
Interactions with microbial pathogens
... Nematodes began feeding on microbes long before the emergence of vertebrates. Microbial mechanisms to fend off nematodes - and perhaps even turn the animals into the microbe's food - must be of equally ancient origin. It is likely, then, that many of the microbial processes at work in human infectio ...
... Nematodes began feeding on microbes long before the emergence of vertebrates. Microbial mechanisms to fend off nematodes - and perhaps even turn the animals into the microbe's food - must be of equally ancient origin. It is likely, then, that many of the microbial processes at work in human infectio ...
Pediatric Regional Room Tips
... external oblique fascia and entry into the plane between external and internal oblique muscles; the second pop signifies entry into the TAP plane between internal oblique and transversus ...
... external oblique fascia and entry into the plane between external and internal oblique muscles; the second pop signifies entry into the TAP plane between internal oblique and transversus ...
The origin of a derived superkingdom: how a gram
... These differences as well as the rRNA tree have convinced most scientists that the root of the tree of life must be between the prokaryotic superkingdoms. The proposal that archaea were a different kingdom was originally considered ridiculous because no one could imagine two distinct groups of proka ...
... These differences as well as the rRNA tree have convinced most scientists that the root of the tree of life must be between the prokaryotic superkingdoms. The proposal that archaea were a different kingdom was originally considered ridiculous because no one could imagine two distinct groups of proka ...
Structure and properties of the outer membranes of Brucella abortus
... (362 vs. 308 amino acids), this higher hydrophobicity would be in keeping with the lipid composition and overall OM properties (see Hydrophobicity). Group 3 Two proteins of 25 and 31 kDa with only 34% of identity are included in group 3 [50] and they are coded for by the omp25 and omp31 genes [5]. B ...
... (362 vs. 308 amino acids), this higher hydrophobicity would be in keeping with the lipid composition and overall OM properties (see Hydrophobicity). Group 3 Two proteins of 25 and 31 kDa with only 34% of identity are included in group 3 [50] and they are coded for by the omp25 and omp31 genes [5]. B ...
Masking the Pathogen: Evolutionary Strategies of Fungi and Their
... In addition to its use in clinical detection, the extracellular capsules of C. neoformans are also crucial for success of the pathogen [1]. Thus, understanding capsular synthesis may help identify fungal targets for new therapies which do not require uptake of inhibitory materials into the interior ...
... In addition to its use in clinical detection, the extracellular capsules of C. neoformans are also crucial for success of the pathogen [1]. Thus, understanding capsular synthesis may help identify fungal targets for new therapies which do not require uptake of inhibitory materials into the interior ...
Microbial Cell Factories
... due to their implications not only in bacterial colonization of abiotic surfaces with an economic value, but also in almost all pathogenic infections, making them recalcitrant due to their multidrug resistance. Initially, the proposed function for cellulose in bacteria was not linked to biofilm form ...
... due to their implications not only in bacterial colonization of abiotic surfaces with an economic value, but also in almost all pathogenic infections, making them recalcitrant due to their multidrug resistance. Initially, the proposed function for cellulose in bacteria was not linked to biofilm form ...
Virulence factors and their mechanisms of action: ABSTRACT
... have yet to be discovered in Candida albicans. In contrast, ...
... have yet to be discovered in Candida albicans. In contrast, ...
J., Schornack, S., Spallek, T., Geldner, N., Chory
... changes underlying accommodation of filamentous pathogen haustoria are yet poorly understood. In addition, most of the modern research on haustorial cell biology has focused so far on fungi, and plant pathogenic oomycetes have been neglected despite their diversity and economic importance (Thines an ...
... changes underlying accommodation of filamentous pathogen haustoria are yet poorly understood. In addition, most of the modern research on haustorial cell biology has focused so far on fungi, and plant pathogenic oomycetes have been neglected despite their diversity and economic importance (Thines an ...
Eubacteria, and Eukaryotes Relationships
... outside of the peptidoglycan layer. As noted by Trüper and Schleifer (244) “A clear separation of the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria can be obtained by the differences in the ultrastructure and chemical composition of the cell wall”. In the present work, I have used the term “gram negativ ...
... outside of the peptidoglycan layer. As noted by Trüper and Schleifer (244) “A clear separation of the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria can be obtained by the differences in the ultrastructure and chemical composition of the cell wall”. In the present work, I have used the term “gram negativ ...
Bacterial Gram Staining - G
... negative bacteria unstained. The length of the decolorization stage is critical as prolonged decolorizing will remove the primary stain from the Gram‐positive cells and this will lead to false negatives during characterization of the microorganisms. Finally, in order to visualize the unstained ...
... negative bacteria unstained. The length of the decolorization stage is critical as prolonged decolorizing will remove the primary stain from the Gram‐positive cells and this will lead to false negatives during characterization of the microorganisms. Finally, in order to visualize the unstained ...
Type three secretion system
Type three secretion system (often written Type III secretion system and abbreviated TTSS or T3SS, also called Injectisome or Injectosome) is a protein appendage found in several Gram-negative bacteria.In pathogenic bacteria, the needle-like structure is used as a sensory probe to detect the presence of eukaryotic organisms and secrete proteins that help the bacteria infect them. The secreted effector proteins are secreted directly from the bacterial cell into the eukaryotic (host) cell, where they exert a number of effects that help the pathogen to survive and to escape an immune response.