Download Cell Organelles and Functions Powerpoint

Parts of a Cell
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-
zafJKbMPA8
Cell Wall
A
rigid structure that gives support to a
cell
 Found in plant cells, algae, fungus and
prokaryotes
 Plant and algae cells have cell walls
made of cellulose
 Fungus have cell walls made of chitin
Cell Membrane
 All
cells have a cell membrane
 Cell membrane is a protective barrier that
encloses a cell. It separates the cell’s
contents from the cell’s environment
 Outermost structure of a cell, unless there
is a cell wall.
 Contains proteins, lipids, and
phospholipids
Cell membrane cont’d
 Some
of the proteins and lipids control the
movement of materials into and out of
the cell.
 Nutrients and water move into the cell,
and wastes move out of the cell, through
the protein passageways.
Cytoskeleton
A
web of proteins in the cytoplasm. Acts
as both a muscle and a skeleton.
 Keeps the cell’s membranes from
collapsing.
 Also helps some cells move.
 Made of 3 types of protein. One protein is
a hollow tube, the other two are long,
stringy fibers
Nucleus
 Large
organelle in a eukaryotic cell that
contains the cell’s DNA
 Covered by two membranes. Materials
cross this double membrane by passing
through pores.
 Many cells have a dark area in the
nucleus called the nucleolus – which is
where a cell begins to make its ribosomes.
Ribosomes
 Organelle
that makes proteins.
 Smallest of all organelles
 More ribosomes in a cell than any other
organelle.
 Some float freely in cytoplasm, others are
attached.
 Do not have a membrane.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
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A system of folded membranes in which
proteins, lipids, and other materials are made.
Contains many tubes and passageways,
which substances move through to different
places in the cell
2 kinds of endoplasmic Reticulum
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Rough ER
Smooth ER
Rough ER and Smooth ER
Rough ER

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Covered in
ribosomes
Usually found near
the nucleus
The ribosomes make
the proteins that are
sent through the ER
to other parts of the
cell
Smooth ER
 Does
not have
ribosomes
 Makes lipids and
breaks down toxic
materials that
could damage the
cell
Mitochondria
 Main
power source of the cell
 Covered by 2 membranes
 Breaks down sugar to produce energy
 The energy released by mitochondria is
stored in a substance called ATP.
 The cell then uses the ATP to do work.
 Most ATP is made in the inner membrane
of the mitochondria.
Chloroplasts
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Organelles in PLANT AND ALGAE cells in which
photosynthesis takes place
Has 2 membranes and make their own DNA
They are green because they contain
chlorophyll, which is found inside the inner
membrane of a chloroplast.
Chlorophyll traps the energy of sunlight, which
is used to make sugar.
The sugar produces is then used by
mitochondria to make ATP
Golgi Complex

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Organelle that packages and distributes
proteins
Looks like smooth ER
Lipids and proteins from the ER are delivered
to the Golgi Complex. Then the lipids and
proteins may be modified to do different jobs.
The final product is enclosed in a piece of the
GC’s membrane.
This membrane pinches off to forma small
bubble, which transports the contents to
other parts of the cell
Vesicles
 Small
sac that surrounds materials to be
moved into or out of a cell, or within a cell
 The small part of the Golgi complex that
pinches off is a vesicle
 All eukaryotic cells have vesicles
 Vesicles carry new protein from the ER to
the Golgi Complex
 Vesicles distribute material from the Golgi
Complex to other parts of the cell
Types of Vesicles
Lysosomes


Responsible for
digestion inside a cell
Destroys damaged
organelles, gets rid of
waste materials, and
protects cell from
foreign invaders
Vacuoles
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Some vacuoles act
like lysosomes,
helping with
digestion within the
cell.
Plants have large
central vacuole that
is full of water and
helps support the cell