* Your assessment is very important for improving the work of artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Dictionary of World Biography Lambert, John (1619â1684). English soldier. During the Civil War he fought with distinction under *Fairfax at Marston Moor, and under *Cromwell at Preston, Dunbar and Worcester. He played no part in King *Charlesâs trial and was resolutely opposed to *Cromwellâs becoming king though he helped to make him protector. After Cromwellâs death he put down a rising in Cheshire (1659), expelled the parliamentary âRumpâ and became virtual dictator. But any future plans he may have had were frustrated by the Restoration secretly organised and carried out by *Monck who brought him to trial for treason. Convicted (1662), Lambert was imprisoned for life. Lamennais, Hugues Félicité Robert de (1782â 1854). French political theorist. He was a Roman Catholic priest who, in his chief work Essay on Religious Indifference (1818â24), presented an untraditional view of Christianity. Although he also argued that the evils of the time could only be overcome by a universal Christian society in which kings and peoples were subject to the pope, his unorthodox views were condemned by the papacy. In 1840, one of his books earned him a yearâs imprisonment. He was, for a short time after the revolution of 1848, a member of the Constituent Assembly. Lamerie, Paul de (c.1688â1751). Dutch silversmith. Apprenticed to a London goldsmith in 1703, he was his own master from 1712. He became one of the most famous craftsmen of the century and his work is correspondingly valued. His earlier work shows a simplicity and delicacy lacking in the rococo elegance of his later productions. La Mettrie, Julien Offray de (1709â175l). French physician and philosopher. He published his first important work, Histoire naturelle de lââme in 1745. Its belief in a materialistic theory of mind offended the Church and the medical establishment, and from then until his death, La Mettrie was involved in a running war with both. His major work was LâHomme machine of 1748 which expounded both materialism and atheism quite openly. He saw the body as nothing other than a machine. Mental states, such as love, hunger, illness, ideas, all had physiological roots. Man was superior to the animals simply because he possessed a bigger brain. He was fascinated by the close interaction of brain and body to produce delicate feelings and purposive bodily behaviour, and he explored the possible interface between medicine and morals, the relationship between sin and sickness. He also wrote four medical treatises, on venereal disease, vertigo, dysentery and asthma. His Observations de médecine pratique (1743) indicates his clinical practice, in which he gives specially important place to autopsies. Lamont, Norman Stewart Hughson,Baron Lamont of Lerwick (1942â ). British Conservative politician, born in Shetland. After leaving Cambridge, he became 480 a merchant banker and a Tory MP 1972â97, serving in Treasury posts from 1986 and as Chancellor of the Exchequer 1990â93. Lampedusa, Giuseppe Tomasi, Prince of (1897â 1957). Italian novelist. His novel, Il Gattopardo (The Leopard), appeared posthumously (1958) and was widely praised for its description of social and political change in Sicily in the mid-19th century. Buzzi, G., Tomasi di Lampedusa. 1973. Lancaster, House of. English dynasty, a branch of the *Plantagenets. *John of Gaunt, fourth son of Edward III, created Duke of Lancaster after the death of the 1st Duke whose daughter and heiress he had married. The Lancastrian kings were John of Gauntâs son *Henry IV, followed by his son *Henry V and grandson *Henry VI. Storey R. L. The End of the House of Lancaster. 1966. Lancaster, Joseph (1778â1838). English educationist. He is remembered for the monitorial system, which is described in his Improvement in Education (1803). It was similar to one introduced in Madras by Andrew Bell (1753â1832). Lancaster first opened a school for the poor in Southwark in 1798, where by the system of teaching by monitors, 100 pupils could be taught under the supervision of a single master. Lancasterâs supporters included *Brougham, *Wilberforce and *Mill, but in time he quarrelled with his backers, quit their organisation (the Royal Lancasterian Institution) and emigrated to New York in 1818. He worked with *Bolivar in Venezuela (1825â27) but quarrelled with him too. Lancaster, Sir Osbert (1908â1986). British cartoonist, author and theatrical designer. He was a cartoonist at the Daily Express from 1939, wrote shrewd and witty books on architecture, e.g. Pillar to Post (1938), Drayneflete Revealed (1949), Sailing to Byzantium (1969), two volumes of autobiography and designed many opera and ballet sets. Lanchester, Frederick William (1868â1946). British engineer and physicist. A pioneer of the motor industry, he designed the Lanchester car (1899) and during the next 30 years was consultant to the Daimler and other companies. He carried out research in aeronautics, and published several books. In 1922 he was elected FRS. Lancret, Nicolas (1690â1745). French painter. Under Watteauâs influence he painted fêtes galantes and other gay court occasions. Despite the artificial nature of his subjects and the fastidious elegance of his style his keen observation gave life and realism both to characters and to the background details in his scenes. Land, Edwin Herbert (1909â1991). American inventor. He dropped out of Harvard to work on inventions including the Polaroid â a plastic sheet