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Dictionary of World Biography systematically. In his revolt against reason he stressed that the great problems of men, which he identified chiefly as dread (Angst) and anxiety, could only be resolved by an individual search for God, whom he saw as infinitely different in quality from man. He rejected, therefore, all conventional, communal and ethical religion and indeed the Christian dogma of a historical incarnation. His major works include Either/Or (1843), Concluding Unscientific Postscript (1846) and his Journals. His theme that âtruth is subjectivityâ and his anti-Hegelian âexistential dialecticâ, at first scarcely known outside Denmark, profoundly influenced 20th-century thought and led directly to existentialism. Rohde, P., Soren Kierkegaard: An Introduction to his Life and Philosophy. 1963. Kiesinger, Kurt Georg (1904â1988). German politician. A lawyer, he dropped out of the Nazi Party after brief membership, was interned in 1945 but never charged. A follower of *Adenauer, he became a Bundestag member 1949â58, 1966â80, Premier of Baden-Wurttemberg 1958â66 and Chancellor in the CDU-SPD âgrand coalitionâ 1966â69. Kilby, Jack St Clair (1923â ). American electrical engineer. In 1958 he built the first microchip (integrated circuit: IC) for Texas Instruments, soon followed by Robert N(orton) Noyce (1927â1990) at Intel and also invented the hand-held calculator. In 2000 he shared the Nobel Prize for Physics with Zhores I. Alferov and Herbert Kroemer. Kildare, Earls of. Irish earldom, held (from 1316) by the head of the Fitzgerald family, Gerald, 8th Earl (known as âThe Greatâ) (d.1513), took advantage of English preoccupation with the Wars of the Roses to build, by marriage alliances and conquest, an all but independent domain. Though he supported the pretender Lambert *Simnel he managed to effect a reconciliation with *Henry VII. His son Gerald, 9th Earl (1487â1534), for some time maintained much of his power in face of *Henry VIIIâs centralising policy, until forced to obey a summons to London where he was imprisoned. Kilvert, Francis (1840â1879). English cleric and diarist. His Diary was discovered in 1937 and edited by William Plomer in three volumes, 1938â40. It describes his life and environment in graphic and sometimes humorous detail and is an important document of social history. Kim Dae-jung (1925â2009). Korean politician. A presidential candidate in 1971, 1987, 1992 and 1997, he was imprisoned 1976â78, 1980â82, sentenced to death in 1980 and survived several assassination attempts. President of the Republic of Korea 1998â2003, he opened up dialogue with *Kim Jong Il in North Korea and won the 2000 Nobel Peace Prize. Kim Il Sung (1912â1994). Korean Communist politician and soldier. Son of a school teacher, he probably studied in China. He founded the Fatherland Restoration Association (1936), led guerrilla forces against Japan in Manchuria and may have served as a colonel at Stalingrad. After Koreaâs partitioning in 1945. Russian troops occupied the North, and Kim, Secretary-General of the Korean Workersâ Party, became chairman of the provisional government. On the Russian withdrawal, the Democratic Peoplesâ Republic of Korea was founded and Kim was Premier 1948â72 and President 1972â94. During the Korean war (1950â53) he commanded the armed forces of the North and became a marshal. The DPRK attempted an ambitious industrialisation program after the war and Kimâs philosophy of âJucheâ had the force of law. His son Kim Jong il (1942â2011) was Supreme Commander of the Korean Peoplesâ Army 1991â2011 but did not take his fatherâs title as President, although confirmed as Secretary-General of the Korean Workersâ Party in 1998. He was succeeded by Kim Jong-un (1983/4â ), the third generation in the family to take supreme power, hailed as a master tactician, military leader and golfer. He held the titles of Supreme Leader 2011â , Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces 2011â and First Secretary of the Korean Workersâ Party 2012â . Kim Young Sam (1927â ). Korean politician. Leader of the New Democratic Party 1974â97, he was kept under house arrest for years, polled strongly in the 1987 presidential election and became President of the Republic of Korea 1993â98, after a free election in 1992. The Korean economy contracted as his term ended. King, Cecil see Harmsworth King, Ernest Joseph (1878â1956). American fleet admiral. After serving in the Spanish American War and World War I, he became Vice Admiral commanding the aircraft battle force 1938â39. This experience was of great value for the air sea battles of World War II, when he was Commander in Chief of the Atlantic Fleet 1941, Commander in Chief of the US Navy and Chief of Naval Operations 1942â45. His mastery of strategy and supply was a major factor in Japanâs defeat. King, Martin Luther, Jr (1929â1968). American clergyman and reformer, born in Atlanta, Georgia. A Baptist clergyman, he became the most successful and powerful of American black leaders in campaigning for civil rights. He adopted *Gandhiâs tactics of âpassive resistanceâ, organised a boycott of segregated buses in Montgomery, Alabama in 1956 and won national recognition. Imprisoned briefly 12 times and constantly harassed by the FBI, he led black moderates and opposed violence and the âBlack Muslimâ movement. He organised vast civil rights rallies and his famous âI have a dreamâ speech in Washington (August 1963) is of enduring 463