Download Plant Cell Labels

Plant Cell Labels
Feature
Cell Wall
Plasma Membrane

Plasmodesmata
Central Vacuole

Cell Sap
Plastids
Description
Tough, flexible and sometimes
fairly rigid layer of cellulose
molecules located surrounding the
cell membrane.
Outer surface of the cell consisting
of proteins that span the
membrane surrounded by a
phospholipid bilayer
Numerous narrow, membranelined channels in the cell walls of
plants that directly connect the
cytoplasm of neighboring plant
cells to each other, establishing
living bridges between cells.
Large fluid filled sac.
Made up of sugars
and proteins.
Storage vessel for both nutrients and
waste products. Also help maintain
turgidity of the cell. Serve similar
function to lysosomes in animal cells.
Substances the plant cells make to
protect and heal themselves.
Plant organelles that have a
double membrane and contain a
series of internal membranes
and/or vesicles.
Responsible for photosynthesis,
storage of products like starch and for
the synthesis of many classes of
molecules.
Contain pigments that result in a
yellow, orange, purple, or red color.
Synthesize and store starches and
oils.
Capture solar energy and synthesize
carbohydrates.
Photosynthesis happens here.

Chromoplasts
Double membrane organelle.

Leucoplasts

Chloroplasts
Colorless double
membrane organelle.
Have a three membrane system.
Double on the outside, and the
thylakoid membrane that forms
the grana.
Jelly-like material that contains all
the contents of the cell within the
cell membrane and outside the
nucleus
Dynamic network of protein fibers
including actin filaments,
intermediate filament, and
microtubules.
Long thin flexible fibers made out
of the protein Actin. Each filament
has two chains twisted together in
a spiral.
Cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton

Actin filaments (formerly
Microfilaments)
Function
Provides structural support and
protection. Also acts as a filtering
mechanism and prevents overexpansion when water enters the cell.
Separates the contents of the cell
from the environment and regulates
which substances come in and out of
the cell.
Allow certain molecules to pass
directly from one cell to another and
are important in cellular
communication.
Serves as the "molecular soup" in
which the organelles are suspended
and held together.
Maintains the cell's shape. Moves
organelles and their products within
the cell. Enables cell to move.
Form a dense web under the plasma
membrane to which they are
attached. Acts as the tracks that
chloroplasts move on.

Intermediate Filaments
Intermediate in size, found in
rope-like bundles.

Microtubules
Small hollow cylinders made of
tubulin.
Plasma Membrane
Nucleus

Nucleolus

Nuclear Pore

Chromatin

Nuclear Envelope
Chromosomes
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Outer surface of the cell consisting
of proteins that span the
membrane surrounded by a
phospholipid bilayer
Round membrane-bound structure
located near the center of the cell
and contains the nucleolus and
chromatin.
Dark spherical region of chromatin
in the nucleus that contains
proteins and nucleic acids.
Tiny holes in the nuclear envelope
Mass of genetic material
composed of long relaxed strands
of DNA and proteins
Double-layered membrane that
encloses the nucleus. The outer
layer is continuous with the
membrane of the rough
endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
Numerous ribosomes are attached
to the surface. The outer
membrane is also continuous with
the inner nuclear membrane since
the two layers are fused together
at numerous tiny holes called
nuclear pores that perforate the
nuclear envelope.
It is a single piece of coiled DNA.
Chromosomes are normally
constant in number within the
species. Human DNA is structured
into rod-like structures, found in
pairs in the nucleus.
Folded membranous sheets and
Aid in cell-to-cell junctions, (gives skin
its strength) and support the nuclear
envelope and plasma membrane.
Conveyer belts inside the cells that
move vesicles, granules, organelles
like mitochondria, and chromosomes
via special attachment proteins. Aid in
cell reproduction.
Separates the contents of the cell
from the environment and regulates
which substances come in and out of
the cell.
Contains genetic information (DNA)
and serves as the control center for
the cell. The nucleus controls the
synthesis of proteins in the cytoplasm
through the use of messenger RNA.
Produces ribosomal subunits.
Malfunction of nucleoli can be the
cause for several human diseases.
Nuclear pores serve as passageways
for water-soluble molecules in and
out of the nucleus. This transport
includes RNA and ribosomes moving
from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
and proteins moving into the
nucleus.
Condense to form chromosomes and
allow for transcription of DNA into
RNA.
Encloses the nucleus of the cell.
Chromosomes are the essential unit
for cellular division and must be
replicated, divided, and passed
successfully to their daughter cells.
Synthesizes proteins and packages
(ER)
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
(SER)
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Golgi apparatus

Vesicles
sac-like structures surrounding the
nucleus and studded with
ribosomes. The ribosomes only
bind to the ER once it begins to
synthesize a protein destined for
sorting.
System of membranous channels
that is continuous with the RER.
Same general structure as the RER
except no ribosomes.
Mitochondria are the second
largest organelles. They have two
membranes (not one as in other
organelles). The outer membrane
covers the organelle and contains
it. The inner membrane folds
(cristae) over many times
increasing the surface area inside
the organelle.
Non-membrane bound particles
that contain two subunits, one
large and one small, a mix of
proteins and RNA. They are either
found freely in the cytoplasm
or attached to endoplasmic
reticulum and nucleus. Free
ribosomes and bound ribosomes
are interchangeable and the cell
can change their numbers
according to metabolic needs.
Composed 25% of the cell's mass.
Symmetrical, stack of flat
membrane-bounded sacs
(cisternae) similar to a stack of
pancakes located between the
endoplasmic reticulum and the cell
surface.
Small membrane-bound sac.
Vesicles can fuse with the plasma
membrane to release their
contents outside of the cell or fuse
with other organelles within the
cell.
them in vesicles, which
then commonly go to the Golgi
apparatus. The RER works with the
Golgi complex to target new proteins
to their proper destinations.
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum
(SER) has functions in several
metabolic processes, including
synthesis of lipids and steroids,
metabolism of carbohydrates,
regulation of calcium concentration,
drug detoxification, attachment of
receptors on cell membrane proteins,
and steroid metabolism
Powerhouses of the cell. Convert
energy within carbohydrates to ATP
molecules through process of cellular
respiration.
Particles where RNA is translated into
protein during the protein synthesis
process. Free ribosomes usually make
proteins that will function in the
cytoplasm. Bound ribosomes usually
make proteins that are exported or
included in the cell's membranes.
The Golgi apparatus processes the
proteins synthesized in the ER and
sends them through
the plasma membrane.
Vesicles store, transport, or digest
cellular products and waste.

Peroxisome
Single membrane bound vesicle
containing various enzymes.
Breaks down fatty acids and converts
hydrogen peroxide to water