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Picture of typical neuron with parts labeled by function. A shows a projection interneuron. This is the kind of cell that sends information over a relatively
long distance in the nervous system. For example, there are projection neurons with their cell bodies in the cerebral cortex that reach the spinal cord with
their axons. There are projection neurons in the deep cerebellar nuclei that reach the brainstem, etc. A projection neuron receives information through its
dendrites and also on its cell body, the soma. The soma of this type of cell integrates the electrical information and also provides metabolic support for the
cell as a whole. The place where the axon comes out of the soma is called the axon hillock, and this is where the information is encoded into action
potentials, as explained later in this chapter. A projection neuron sends its output to other neurons. A sensory neuron (B) has a different structure. There is
Source: Neuronal Structure and Function, Neurologic Rehabilitation: Neuroscience and Neuroplasticity in Physical Therapy Practice
a distal projection of the axon to a peripheral receptor (or a free nerve ending), and a central projection into the spinal cord or brainstem. The cell body of a
Citation:
Nichols-Larsen
DS, outside
Kegelmeyer
DA, Buford
JA, Kloos
AD,
Heathcock
Basso D.
Neurologic
Rehabilitation:
Neuroscience
sensory neuron
is located
in a ganglion
the central
nervous
system,
and
providesJC,
metabolic
support,
but typically
does not
serve as a and
point of
Neuroplasticity
in
Physical
Therapy
Practice;
2016
Available
at:
http://mhmedical.com/
Accessed:
May
12,
2017
connection among neurons. The distal part of the sensory axon is where information is integrated and encoded into action potentials, which travel into the
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nervous system
to affect
other McGraw-Hill
cells. Local interneurons
are reserved
like projection interneurons, but much smaller. Their axons travel short distances and do
not leave their local structure. The axons of these cells are not myelinated. For each type of cell, the function served by each part is color coded. (Adapted