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NEW FROM SINAUER ASSOCIATES
FOUNDATIONS OF NEURAL DEVELOPMENT
S. Marc Breedlove
ABOUT THE
BOOK
Foundations of Neural Development
is a textbook written in a conversational style with topics appropriate for an undergraduate audience. Each chapter begins with
a thought-provoking vignette,
or a “real-life story,” that the
subsequent material illuminates.
The “Researchers at Work” feature, available in
every chapter, describes a classic study in detail, taking the reader through the
hypothesis, test, result, and conclusion of an experiment. A marginal glossary,
review questions, and bulleted summary are a few of the other features in the
book. Despite the reader-friendly features, the book is comprehensive in scope.
Chapters 1–7 unfold in the order of ontogeny, covering induction, the establishment of a body plan, neural migration, differentiation, axonal pathfinding,
synapse formation, and apoptosis. Chapters 8–10 address activity-guided,
experience-guided, and socially guided neural development—mechanisms that
were crucial for the evolution of the human brain. Lively and engaging, with
the finest illustrations, Foundations of Neural Development is the perfect book
to help any undergraduate student understand how a single microscopic cell, a
human zygote, can develop into the most complex machine on earth, the brain.
ABOUT THE
AUTHOR
S. Marc Breedlove, the Barnett Rosenberg
Professor of Neuroscience at Michigan State
University, has written over 130 scientific
articles investigating the role of hormones
in shaping the developing and adult nervous
system, publishing in journals including
Science, Nature, Nature Neuroscience, and the
Proceedings of the National Academy of Science.
He is also passionate about teaching—in the
classroom, and in the greater community
through interviews with the Washington Post,
Los Angeles Times, New York Times, and Newsweek, as well as broadcast programs such as
All Things Considered, Good Morning America,
and Sixty Minutes. He has active grant support
from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and the National
Institute of Mental Health. Dr. Breedlove is
a Fellow of the American Association for the
Advancement of Science and the Association
for Psychological Science.
February 2017 • 380 pages (est.) • 300 illustrations (est.)
ISBN 978-1-60535-579-5 • casebound
$99.95 Suggested list price • $79.96 Net price to resellers
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Print Edition
eBook
• Order from our website for a 15%
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eBook platforms offered, please visit www.sinauer.com
Prices subject to change May 1 and November 1, yearly.
MEDIA AND
SUPPLEMENTS
to accompany Foundations
of Neural Development
FOR THE STUDENT
FOR THE INSTRUCTOR
Companion Website (sites.sinauer.com/fond)
Instructor’s Resource Library
The Foundations of Neural Development Companion
Website contains a range of media and review resources to help students learn the material presented in
each chapter of the textbook and to visualize some
of the key processes discussed. The site includes the
following resources:
• Chapter outlines
• Chapter summaries
• Animations: Detailed animations that cover some
of the key processes presented in the textbook.
The Foundations of Neural Development Instructor’s Resource Library
(available to qualified adopters) includes a variety of resources to aid
you in the development of your course and the assessment of your
students. The IRL includes the following:
• Textbook Figures & Tables: All of the figures (including photos)
and tables from the textbook are provided as JPEGs, all optimized
for use in presentations. Complex figures are provided in both whole
and split versions.
• PowerPoint Presentations: A PowerPoint presentation containing
all figures and tables, with titles and full captions, is provided for
each chapter.
• Videos: A collection of fascinating segments from BBC programs
that illustrate important concepts from the textbook.
• Test Bank: The Test Bank consists of a range of questions covering
key facts and concepts in each chapter. Multiple-choice and short-answer questions are included, and all questions are ranked according to
Bloom’s Taxonomy and referenced to specific textbook sections.
• Videos: Links to fascinating videos that demonstrate
the processes and concepts of neural development.
• Flashcards: An easy way for students to learn and
review the key terms introduced in each chapter.
• Glossary
• News Feed: A continuously updated feed of links to
science news articles relevant to neural development.
• Computerized Test Bank: The Test Bank is provided in Blackboard’s Diploma format (software included). Diploma makes it easy
to assemble quizzes and exams from any combination of publisher-provided questions and instructor-created questions. In addition,
quizzes and exams can be exported for import into many different
course management systems, such as Blackboard and Moodle.
• Course Management System Support: The Test Bank is also provided in Blackboard format, for easy import into campus Blackboard
systems. In addition, using the Computerized Test Bank, instructors
can easily create and export quizzes and exams (or the entire test
bank) for import into other course management systems, including
Moodle, Canvas, and Desire2Learn/Brightspace.
To request an examination copy, visit our website: sinauer.com
FOUNDATIONS OF NEURAL DEVELOPMENT CONTENTS & FEATURES
Prologue: The Rationalist Philosophers
• All I Know Is That I Know Nothing
• The Benefits of Having an Immortal Soul
• What Does All This Philosophy Stuff Have To
Do with This Book?
• Researchers at Work: A Gene Is
Discovered That Acts as an Organizer
• What Organizes the Organizer?
• In Insects, Epidermal Cells Compete to
Become Neuroblasts
1. The Metazoans’ Dilemma: Cell
Differentiation and Neural Induction
• Metazoans Evolved the Ability to Produce
Cells with Very Different Functions
• Preformationism Offered an Easy but Wrong
Solution, While Epigenesis Seemed
Incomprehensible
• The Rediscovery of Genes Set the Stage for
Understanding Development
• Gene Expression Directs Cell Differentiation
• Researchers at Work: Do Differentiating
Cells Dispose of Unused Genes?
• Scientists Domesticated a Simple Worm to
Address the Questions of Cell Differentiation
• Mitotic Lineage Guides Cell Differentiation
in Worms
• Embryonic Development Begins by Forming
Three Distinct Germ Layers
• The Vertebrate Nervous System Begins as
a Simple Tube
• Many Embryos, Including All Vertebrates,
Display “Self-Regulation”
• Self-Regulation Seems Incompatible with
Mitotic Lineage-Directed Differentiation
• Experimental Embryology Revealed Inductive
Processes Underlying Self-Regulation
• A Region of the Vertebrate Embryo Seems to
“Organize” Development
• Researchers at Work: The Dorsal Lip of the
Blastopore Can Organize a New Individual
• Long Abandoned, the Organizer Was
Uncovered through Molecular Biological
Techniques
2. Coordinating Fates: Development
of a Body Pattern
• Darwin Noted that Vertebrate Embryos Start
Off Looking Alike
• Mother Knows Best: Maternal Factors
Establish a Basic Polarity of the Body
• Researchers at Work: Two Heads Are Not
Better Than One
• A Cascade of Gene Regulatory Proteins
Organizes a Body Plan
• Some Mutations in Drosophila Transform
Body Parts Whole
• Hox Genes Are Crucial for Vertebrate
Development, Too
VIGNETTE
Each chapter opens
with a vignette, providing a human context
to generate interest
in the science that the
subsequent material
illuminates.
PREVIEW
A brief overview of
the content to come,
the Preview will
prepare students for
what they are about
to learn.
• Hox Genes Direct “Segmentation” in the
Mammalian Brain
• Hindbrain Rhombomere Fates Are Directed
by Homeobox Genes
• Several Signals Designate the Caudal End
of the Body and Nervous System
• Continued Gradients in BMP Signaling
Establish the Dorsal-Ventral Axis in the
Nervous System
• Researchers at Work: What Notochord
Factor Induces the Floor Plate and Motor
Neurons?
• Find Out Where You Are to Coordinate Your
Fate with That of Your Neighbors
3. Upward Mobility: Neurogenesis
and Migration
• The Same Gene May Play a Role in Many
Different Developmental Events
• The Developing Brain Generates Neurons at
a Tremendous Rate
• Shortly after Division, Neural Cells Diverge
to Become Neurons or Glia
• Researchers at Work: Labeling of
Dividing Cells Disputes the Idea That
Lineage Determines Fate
• The Cerebellum and Cerebral Cortex Form
in Layers
• We Can Label Newly Synthesized DNA to
Determine the Birthdates of Cells
• Newborn Cells Shinny Up Glial Poles
• Researchers at Work: The Cortex Develops
in an Inside-Out Manner
• A Few Brain Regions Display Continuing
Neurogenesis throughout Life
• Neural Crest Cells Migrate to Positions
throughout the Body
• Cell Adhesion Molecules Attract and Repel
Migrating Cells
• Cerebellar Granule Cells Parachute Down
from Above
• Researchers at Work: Weaver Neurons Fail
to Grasp Glial Fibers
• Cells Crucial for Smell and Reproduction
Migrate into the Embryonic Brain
4. Seeking Identity: Neural
Differentiation
• The Fruit Fly Retina Develops through an
Orderly Progression of Gene Expression
and Signaling
• Several Factors Influence Whether a Cell
Will Become a Neuron or a Glia
• The Molecular Differentiation of Motor
Neurons Is Orderly
• Neural Crest Cells Are Affected by Their
Migration and Destination
• Researchers at Work: Neural Crest Cells
Adopt New Fates after Transplantation
• The Neurotransmitter Phenotypes of Autonomic
Neurons Are Guided by Their Targets
• Researchers at Work: Targets Can Regulate
the Neurotransmitter Phenotype of Afferents
• The Fate of a Cortical Neuron Is Influenced
Both before and after Migration
• Researchers at Work: Cortical Neuron Fate Is
Specified after the S Phase
• Later Events in Development Are More
Evolutionarily Labile
5. Feeling One’s Way: Axonal
Pathfinding
• Ramón y Cajal Described Growth Cones and
Discerned Their Significance
• In Vitro Approaches Reveal Principles of Axonal
Growth and Adhesion
• Researchers at Work: Getting a Grip: The
Role of Adhesion in Axonal Growth
• Guidance Cues May Be Attractive to One Type
of Growth Cone and Repulsive to Others
• Families of Receptors Offer a Multitude of
Guidance Cues
• Pioneer Neurons and Guidepost Cells Establish
Pathways for Later Axons
• Many Axonal Growth Cones Have to Deal with
Crossing the Midline
• Researchers at Work: What Makes the Floor
Plate So Attractive?
• Motor Neuronal Axons Must Find the Correct
Target Muscles
• Researchers at Work: Can You Navigate
Your Way Home?
• The Axons of Retinal Ganglion Cells Must
Reach the Midbrain
• Researchers at Work: I’d Rather Walk
over Here
• The Corpus Callosum Is Directed across the
Midline by a Glial Bridge
• Researchers at Work: Glia Can Help Axons
Cross a Border
COLOR ART
The figures are clearly
drawn to aid students’
understanding of
biological processes.
Concisely labeled
and explained, the
figures are one of the
strongest pedagogical
features in the text.
6. Making Connections: Synapse
Formation and Maturation
• Calcium Regulators and Environmental Sensors
Evolved to Mediate Synaptic Signaling
• We Can Divide Synapse Structure and
Development into Three Parts
• A Synapse Begins with Adhesion
• Researchers at Work: Dendritic Spines
Compete for Survival
• Fragile X Syndrome Suggests There Can Be
Too Much of a Good Thing
• Pre- and Postsynaptic Partners Tightly Anchor
One Another as a Synapse Develops
• Researchers at Work: Presynaptic and
Postsynaptic Receptors Trigger Synaptic
Development
• Neuromuscular Junctions Illustrate That
Synapse Formation Is a Dance for Two
(or More)
• Motor Neuronal Agrin Promotes the
Aggregation of Acetylcholine Receptors
• Neuregulins Boost Local AChR Expression in
Muscle and Maintain Terminal Schwann Cells
• Once Formed, the NMJ Leaves an Imprint in
the Extracellular Matrix
• Researchers at Work: Neuromuscular
Junctions Leave a Residue in the Basal Lamina
• Ion Channels Change Subunits, and Therefore
Characteristics, during Development
• Embryonic Synapses Are Sluggish and
Slow, Then Become Progressively Faster
with Development
• Myelination Extends into Adulthood to Hasten
Neuronal Communication
• Myelinating Glia May Prevent Regeneration
in the Central Nervous System
MARGINAL
QUOTES
7. Accepting Mortality: Apoptosis
• The Death of Many Cells Is a Normal Process
in Development
• The Extent of Death among Developing Motor
Neurons Is Regulated by the Size of the Target
• Researchers at Work: Adding to the Periphery
Prevents Apoptosis of Motor Neurons
• Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) Is Discovered to
Regulate Apoptosis in Sensory Neurons
• Researchers at Work: Screening for Nerve
Growth Factor
• NGF Has Both Tropic and Trophic Effects on
Selective Neuronal Populations
• The Search for Relatives of NGF Reveals
a Family of Neurotrophic Factors and
Their Receptors
• Studies in C. elegans Provide Crucial
Information about the Process of Apoptosis
• Researchers at Work: It Was Suicide,
Not Murder
• Apoptosis Involves Active Self-Destruction
through a Cascade of “Death Genes”
• Do Motor Neurons Die in ALS for Lack of
Neurotrophic Factor(s)?
• Hormones Direct Sexual Differentiation of
the Vertebrate Body and Behavior
• Researchers at Work: Early Exposure to
Androgens Organizes the Male Brain
• The Brain Is Also Sexually Dimorphic
• Hormones Can Regulate Apoptosis to
Masculinize the Vertebrate Brain
• Researchers at Work: Sometimes the Tail
Wags the Dog
• Sexual Differentiation in Flies Is a CellAutonomous Process
• Researchers at Work: Fruitless Mutants
Pursue Unrequited Love
• The Controversy over Sexual Orientation
in Flies, Rats, and People
Interlude: The Empiricists Strike Back
• The Tabula Rasa and the Importance of
Experience through the Senses
• What Does All This Philosophy Stuff Have
To Do with This Book?
8. Synaptic Plasticity: Activity-Guided
Neural Development
• Motor Neuronal Death Is Gated by
Neuronal Activity
• Developing Muscle Fibers Start Off with
Polyneuronal Innervation
• Autonomic Neurons Refine Their Inputs
and Outputs
• Donald Hebb Speculated about Neural Plasticity
• Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) Reveals the
Existence of Hebbian Synapses
• Researchers at Work: Cells That Fire Together
Wire Together
• A Class of Glutamate Receptors Enforces
Hebbian Rules
• The Brain Must Integrate Input from the
Two Eyes
• Even Spontaneous, Apparently Random Activity
Can Provide Order
• Researchers at Work: Spontaneous Waves
of Retinal Activity Form Ocular Dominance
Bands in the LGN
• The Gray Matter of Human Cortex Thins as
We Mature
“HOW’S IT GOING?”
QUESTIONS
At the end of each section
are review questions to help
students organize and
rehearse what they’ve
learned from the text.
Quotes taken from the
text emphasize and
reinforce key points.
MARGINAL
GLOSSARY
Bold-faced terms
are defined in the
margins of the text
to help students
identify and learn
key terminology as
they read.
NUMBERED HEADS
Each section is numbered,
to make it easier for instructors to assign sections
of the text, and to help
students remember where
content can be found.
To request an examination copy, visit our website: sinauer.com
9. Fine-Tuning Sensory Systems: Experience-Guided Neural
Development
• Humans Can Adapt to Seeing the World in
a New Way
• Retinal Ganglion Cells in Adult Amphibians
and Fish Can Reestablish Connections to
the Tectum
• Various Permutations of Retinotectal
Regeneration Refute a Strict Version of
Chemoaffinity
• Visual Experience Fine-Tunes Frog
Retinotectal Connections
• Researchers at Work: Three-Eyed Frogs
Show Us the Way
• Mammals Require Visual Experience during a
Sensitive Period to Develop Functional Vision
• Physiological Recordings Reveal How Visual
Deprivation Impairs Sight
• Researchers at Work: Strabismus in Kittens
Drastically Alters Visual System Connections
• Owls Can Use Visual Experience to FineTune Their Auditory Maps
• Olfactory Receptor Maps Are Also Sculpted
by Experience
• Tactile Experience Guides the Formation of
Topographic Maps in Somatosensory Cortex
10. Maximizing Fitness: Socially Guided Neural Development
• The Terms Instinct and Innate Are So Vague
That They Are Worthless
• Species with Parental Behavior Develop the
Most Complex Brains and Behavior
• Maternal Behavior Can Regulate the Stress
Response of Offspring
• Many Species Look to Their Parents to
Recognize Mating Partners
• Observational Learning Can Transmit
Behaviors across Generations
• Birdsong Is a Learned Behavior Where
Young Males Model Their Father’s Song
• Researchers at Work: Sparrows Are
Predisposed to Learn Species-Specific
Song Elements
• Humans Are Predisposed to Learn Language
without Any Formal Training
• Researchers at Work: The Habituation
Response Allows Us to Read Babies’ Minds
• Primates Require Love to Develop Properly
• Postnatal Social Stimulation Continues to
Affect Brain Development
• Researchers at Work: Social Stimulation
Alters Neuregulin Signaling to Promote
Myelination
• Intelligence Tests Demonstrate the Pervasive
Effects of Culture
• The Controversial Issue of Racial Differences
in Average IQ Performance
• Researchers at Work: Does Race Affect the
IQ of German Offspring of American GIs?
Epilogue: Immanuel Kant and
the Critique of Pure Reason
• The A Priori Embodiment of Time and Space
• What Does All This Philosophy Stuff Have To
Do with This Book?
Appendix:
Molecular Biology: Basic Concepts
and Important Techniques
• Genes Carry Information That Encodes the
Synthesis of Proteins
• Molecular Biologists Have Craftily Enslaved
Microorganisms and Enzymes
• Gene Editing Enables the Creation of
Model Organisms
RESEARCHERS
AT WORK
Important classic discoveries are explained and
illustrated to highlight the
process of experimentation
and hypothesis testing.
BOXES
Boxes describe interesting
applications, important methods, sidelights,
historical perspectives, or
refreshers on theoretical
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Retitled to reflect the evolution of
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