Download Genetic modification and biotechnology

Genetic modification and
biotechnology
Techniques developed over last few
decades
• Copying DNA – ________________________(PCR)
• Identifying people by DNA - ______________
• Mapping DNA – ________________, Human
Genome Project
• Cutting and pasting genes – ____________
• Cloning cells and animals
DNA Profiling
Gel Electrophoresis
• Enzymes cut DNA into different ____ fragments
• Fragments are placed in a gel with an ________
_________
• The biggest, heaviest and least charged
fragments move the ______
• The smallest, lightest and strongest charged
fragments move the most.
• A _________ is created that can be compared
to someone else's __________
Autoradiograph Who did it?
Gene probe
• A piece of DNA that is _____________ to a
certain gene can be added to the gel to see if
that gene is present
• Ex. Sickle cell gene
PCR
• A lab technique, using a machine called a
____________, that can _____ a small
amount of DNA to make millions of copies.
• Can be used prior to ___ _______________
DNA profiling
• The process of matching an __________
sample of DNA to a __________ sample to see
if they match, using gel electrophoresis.
• _____________
• ____________
• How closely different organisms are _______.
Gene Transfer
• Removing a gene from ____________ and
putting it into another organism.
• Possible because DNA is _____________.
• In your book they use the example of
removing a gene from ______ that enables
them to live in arctic cold waters and put it
into ____________ to allow them to grow in
colder climates.
Bt corn - GMO Corn
• A gene is transferred to corn that causes the
corn to produce a _____ that kills pests that
would normally attack it.
• Name comes from a bacteria, ________
_____________, which naturally produces
the toxin.
Cloning
Cutting, copying and pasting genes
• Sequences of bases can be ____ using
enzymes called ______________ that look for
certain sequences.
• If beginning and end of a gene are cut, it can
be removed.
• Genes can be ________ into sequences using
the enzyme __________, it recognizes the
ends that are supposed to be together, called
_________________, and attaches them.