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Determining the Transcription Factor Genes Populating a Fruit Fly
Determining the Transcription Factor Genes Populating a Fruit Fly

... the instructions to make these traits are encoded in its DNA sequence. Since many organisms share a considerable amount of the same genetic sequences, the question arises as to how diverse traits are formed. One explanation is that diversity results from variation in how genes are expressed, which h ...
Identification and Cloning of a Cryptococcal Deacetylase That
Identification and Cloning of a Cryptococcal Deacetylase That

... distributed by DID, Milan, Italy) to 200 mi of dialyzable medium. The culture was incubateci under agitation at 30°C for 2 days and used to inoculate 2-liter aliquots of fresh medium to a density of IO4 cells per mi. Cultures were incubated under agitation with an orbitai shaker at 30°C and harveste ...
Genes Involved in the Uptake and Catabolism of
Genes Involved in the Uptake and Catabolism of

... z to 3 days at 37 "C. These colonies were picked and purified by repeated isolation of single colonies. They were found to be still devoid of PEP-carboxylase activity, and would therefore not grow on any hexose or other substrate which requires this anaplerotic enzyme for catabolism, until theppc+ a ...
Genes Involved in the Uptake and Catabolism of
Genes Involved in the Uptake and Catabolism of

... z to 3 days at 37 "C. These colonies were picked and purified by repeated isolation of single colonies. They were found to be still devoid of PEP-carboxylase activity, and would therefore not grow on any hexose or other substrate which requires this anaplerotic enzyme for catabolism, until theppc+ a ...
The monogenic primary dystonias
The monogenic primary dystonias

... patient with generalized dystonia and in her unaffected mother. The mutation causes the exchange of an arginine for a glutamine (pArg288Gln) in torsinA (Zirn et al., 2008a). A pathogenic role of this mutation is likely: (i) an arginine at position 288 has been evolutionarily highly conserved in all ...
Epiphytic Planctomycetes from macroalgae
Epiphytic Planctomycetes from macroalgae

... Marine macroalgae are widely colonized by a variety of macro and micro-organisms like invertebrates, diatoms, fungi and bacteria. Of these, the association bacteriamacroalgae is the one most studied and it has been described for over a century. Research in this area has mainly been focused on reprod ...
A Theory of Conceptual Advance: Explaining Conceptual Change in
A Theory of Conceptual Advance: Explaining Conceptual Change in

... reasoning. This is a study in philosophy of science, and thereby concerns a particular manifestation of the human intellect — science. From this perspective, philosophy of science is metascience in that one of its central aims is the study of scientific rationality, which is to a large extent an epi ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)

... transition zone between the Asian and the Australian faunal biodiversity. There has been no previous report on the genotype of Helicobacter pylori in the population. Helicobacter pylori possess several virulence factors that play important role in the development of gastric diseases such as chronic ...
Response of diazotrophic microbial community to nitrogen input and
Response of diazotrophic microbial community to nitrogen input and

... highest in February and lowest in October. More nifH genes were found in surface soil than subsurface soil. DGGE banding patterns showed that diazotrophic community structure tended to vary with soil pH, soil organic carbon content, seasonal change, and inorganic N fertilization. The second study f ...
Complete genome sequence of the prototype lactic acid bacterium
Complete genome sequence of the prototype lactic acid bacterium

... of the resulting products, was used to close the remaining 800 gaps, in combination with inverse PCR for the gaps for which no linkage information could be obtained. To verify the complete assembly, PCRs predicted to be separated by 9 kb were performed on the genome, covering the entire genome with ...
Novel Ribosome Biogenesis in the Lyme Disease Spirochete
Novel Ribosome Biogenesis in the Lyme Disease Spirochete

... and its role in processing rRNA transcripts from the unusual rRNA gene operons of Borrelia burgdorferi. In most bacteria, the three rRNA transcripts (16S, 23S, and 5S rRNAs) that form the ribosome are produced as a single transcript from an operon with minimal spacing between genes. In the B. burgdo ...
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core biosynthesis in Proteus mirabilis
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core biosynthesis in Proteus mirabilis

... lactose non fermenters. The ability to ferment glucose, sucrose, and maltose served as a means to further subdivide the strains into two groups, as Hauser had done. P. vulgaris fermented glucose, sucrose, and maltose readily, while P. mirabilis fermented glucose readily and sucrose slowly and did no ...
Product description P018-G1 SHOX-v03 - MRC
Product description P018-G1 SHOX-v03 - MRC

... - Complete or partial duplications found within SHOX or its surrounding regulatory regions have been found in LWD and ISS patients (Benito-Sanz et al. 2011b). - Deletion of the SHOX intron 6 probes, which are located downstream of the stop codon, may not affect SHOX gene function. - Please note that ...
Here - Orrery Software
Here - Orrery Software

... About Chromosome Penalties---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------39 About PSoup’s Energy Systems ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------41 About Combat Profiles ---------------------------------------------- ...
Visceral endoderm-restricted translation of Otx1
Visceral endoderm-restricted translation of Otx1

... and rostral rostral neural plate (Simeone et al., 1992, 1993). During brain regionalization, Otx1 and Otx2 show largely overlapping expression domains with a posterior border coincident with the mesencephalic side of the isthmic constriction (Simeone et al., 1992; Millet et al., 1996; Acampora et al ...
Haemophilia (2013) - Haemophilia Foundation Australia
Haemophilia (2013) - Haemophilia Foundation Australia

... haemophilia can also have bleeding problems. What happens when you have haemophilia? Haemophilia is a lifelong condition. It can’t be cured, but with current clotting factor treatments it can be managed effectively. The common belief that people with haemophilia could bleed to death from a cut is a ...
How to Model Microevolution How to Model Microevolution
How to Model Microevolution How to Model Microevolution

... In order to specify how gametes are produced, we have to specify the genetic architecture. Genetic architecture refers to the number of loci and their genomic positions, the number of alleles per locus, the mutation rates, and the mode and rules of inheritance of the genetic elements. For example, t ...
Periplasmic adaptor protein AcrA has a distinct
Periplasmic adaptor protein AcrA has a distinct

... interact with both AcrB and TolC17 – 20 as well as being bound to the inner membrane by an N-terminal lipid moiety.21 Suggested roles for AcrA include assembly and maintenance of a stable complex in vivo,19,22 and transmitting conformational changes in AcrB to TolC, facilitating the opening of the o ...
Modified uridine at wobble position in tRNA of
Modified uridine at wobble position in tRNA of

... groups is lethal to the yeast cell. The Elongator complex was previously proposed to regulate polarized exocytosis and to participate in elongation of RNA polymerase II transcription. The pleiotropic phenotypes observed in Elongator mutants were therefore suggested to be caused by defects in exocyto ...
GENETICS Lois E Brenneman, MSN, ANP, FNP, C Historical
GENETICS Lois E Brenneman, MSN, ANP, FNP, C Historical

... person inherits two alleles BB, bB, Bb or bb. For ABO blood type there are three alleles A, B and O - however each individual can inherit only two - AA AO, BB, BO, AB, OO Genotype: refers to the particular chrom osom es (and genes) an individual has inherited Exam ple: a person m ay inherit one gene ...
Neurospora Spore Killers Sk-2 and Sk
Neurospora Spore Killers Sk-2 and Sk

... of the tetrad give rise to round ascospores; even those nuclei that contain a wild-type allele are round. The cause of dominance is probably rearrangements and/or deletions that prevent the wild-type allele from pairing with a homolog. MSUD is implicated in these ascusdominant phenotypes of these mu ...
Pseudomonas aeruginosa – a phenomenon of bacterial resistance
Pseudomonas aeruginosa – a phenomenon of bacterial resistance

Hydrolyzed Source Proteins as Used in Cosmetics
Hydrolyzed Source Proteins as Used in Cosmetics

... hydrolysis to yield cosmetically acceptable raw materials. The definitions exclude the complete hydrolysis products of proteins, the amino acids. These protein derivatives are prepared by subjecting animal or vegetable proteins to enzymatic (e.g., papain hydrolysis) or other chemical hydrolyses (e.g ...
The Plasmodium 6-cysteine protein family in sexual and sporozoite
The Plasmodium 6-cysteine protein family in sexual and sporozoite

... Recently, the structure of the 6-cysteine domain has been analyzed by comparative modeling. Through similarity with the SAG1 protein of Toxoplasma gondii, the first cysteine in this domain is predicted to bond with the second cysteine, the next cysteine bond is between the third and sixths cysteine ...
The Homothorax homeoprotein activates the nuclear localization of
The Homothorax homeoprotein activates the nuclear localization of

... These genes contain a DNA-binding domain, the homeodomain (HD), and act as transcriptional regulators. It was expected that different HD proteins bind to a different set of DNA targets to exert their functional specificity. However, in vitro binding studies revealed that most Homeobox (HOX) proteins ...
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Gene nomenclature

Gene nomenclature is the scientific naming of genes, the units of heredity in living organisms. An international committee published recommendations for genetic symbols and nomenclature in 1957. The need to develop formal guidelines for human gene names and symbols was recognized in the 1960s and full guidelines were issued in 1979 (Edinburgh Human Genome Meeting). Several other species-specific research communities (e.g., Drosophila, mouse) have adopted nomenclature standards, as well, and have published them on the relevant model organism websites and in scientific journals, including the Trends in Genetics Genetic Nomenclature Guide. Scientists familiar with a particular gene family may work together to revise the nomenclature for the entire set of genes when new information becomes available. For many genes and their corresponding proteins, an assortment of alternate names is in use across the scientific literature and public biological databases, posing a challenge to effective organization and exchange of biological information. Standardization of nomenclature thus tries to achieve the benefits of vocabulary control and bibliographic control, although adherence is voluntary. The advent of the information age has brought gene ontology, which in some ways is a next step of gene nomenclature, because it aims to unify the representation of gene and gene product attributes across all species.Gene nomenclature and protein nomenclature are not separate endeavors; they are aspects of the same whole. Any name or symbol used for a protein can potentially also be used for the gene that encodes it, and vice versa. But owing to the nature of how science has developed (with knowledge being uncovered bit by bit over decades), proteins and their corresponding genes have not always been discovered simultaneously (and not always physiologically understood when discovered), which is the largest reason why protein and gene names do not always match, or why scientists tend to favor one symbol or name for the protein and another for the gene. Another reason is that many of the mechanisms of life are the same or very similar across species, genera, orders, and phyla, so that a given protein may be produced in many kinds of organisms; and thus scientists naturally often use the same symbol and name for a given protein in one species (for example, mice) as in another species (for example, humans). Regarding the first duality (same symbol and name for gene or protein), the context usually makes the sense clear to scientific readers, and the nomenclatural systems also provide for some specificity by using italic for a symbol when the gene is meant and plain (roman) for when the protein is meant. Regarding the second duality (a given protein is endogenous in many kinds of organisms), the nomenclatural systems also provide for at least human-versus-nonhuman specificity by using different capitalization, although scientists often ignore this distinction, given that it is often biologically irrelevant.Also owing to the nature of how scientific knowledge has unfolded, proteins and their corresponding genes often have several names and symbols that are synonymous. Some of the earlier ones may be deprecated in favor of newer ones, although such deprecation is voluntary. Some older names and symbols live on simply because they have been widely used in the scientific literature (including before the newer ones were coined) and are well established among users.
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