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Bellwork 12-9-14 Answer on a sheet of notebook paper! • Which organ system exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the external environment? A muscular B immune C digestive D respiratory Need to Know • Explain one benefit and one harmful effect of inflammation in our bodies’ organ systems. Use complete sentences and cite evidence from the text to explain your answer. Objectives • Explain the basic functions of a major organ system. (SPI0707.1.3) 42. Nervous and Endocrine Systems (one page) Nervous System (pg. 282-295) • • The nervous system acts as the body’s central command post. Two basic functions: 1. Gather and interpret information from inside your body and from the world outside. 2. Respond to that information as needed. • Two parts of the nervous system: 1. Central nervous system (CNS)- brain and spinal cord 2. Peripheral nervous system (PNS)- connects all parts of the body to the CNS and uses nerves to carry information between your body and the CNS. Nervous System (pg. 282-295) Peripheral Nervous System: • Messages about your environment travel through the nervous system along neurons. • A neuron is a nerve cell that is specialized to transfer messages in the form of fast-moving electrical energy or impulses. Nervous System (pg. 282-295) Peripheral Nervous System: • A nerve is a collection of nerve fibers (axons) through which impulses travel between the CNS and the other parts of the body. A message from the brain travels down the spinal cord, then along the axon of a motor neuron inside a nerve to the muscle. The message makes the muscle contract. Nervous System (pg. 282-295) Central Nervous System: • The brain is the mass of nerve tissue that is the main control center of the nervous system. • Three main parts of the brain: 1. Cerebrum- largest part of the brain where you think and where most memories are stored; controls voluntary movements and allows you to sense touch, light, sound, etc. 2. Cerebellum- second largest part of the brain that allows the brain to keep track of your body’s position, such as balance. 3. Medulla- connects to your spinal cord and controls involuntary processes, such as blood pressure and heart rate. Nervous System (pg. 282-295) Central Nervous System: • The spinal cord carries information to and from the brain. • Vertebrae protect the spinal cord. • BrainPop- Nervous Endocrine System (pg. 296-299) • The endocrine system is a collection of glands and groups of cells that secrete hormones that regulate growth, development, and homeostasis. • A gland is a group of cells that make special chemicals for the body. • A hormone is a chemical messenger that flows through the bloodstream to all parts of the body. • Epinephrine (adrenaline) is released from the adrenal gland, which increases your heartbeat and breathing rate. • When you are frightened, angry, or excited, this “fight-or-flight” response prepares you to fight the danger or run from it. • BrainPop- Endocrine Drawings • For each body system, draw and color at least one organ that belongs in that body system. • For example: – Nervous System= brain, spinal cord, nerves – Endocrine System = the different glands • Use your textbook pictures or the sample sheet in the folder at your group. Human Body Books Interesting Facts Nervous System: • Male canaries sing a new song every year. Male canaries replace old brain cells related to song production with new neurons each spring. In the spring, the brain-cell clusters associated with vocalization grow larger. So, males compose their new melodies and females learn to recognize the males by their new songs. • Long-term memory enables us to recall events that happened to us long ago. These memories can be triggered by a stimulus, such as a song or a smell, or they can be deliberately recalled. Recalling memories helps us to refresh them and makes them last a lifetime. • Fainting is often caused by suddenly low blood pressure and insufficient blood flow to the cerebrum. Endocrine System: • Epinephrine occurs naturally in the body, but it is also administered as a drug by doctors. It can be injected into the heart to help revive a person who has suffered from a heart attack. • The pancreas makes two different hormones, insulin and glucagon. If the pancreas does not make enough insulin, the person will have a condition called diabetes. • Another hormone imbalance is when a child’s pituitary gland doesn’t make enough growth hormone.