Download Nervous System

Bellwork 12-9-14
Answer on a sheet of notebook paper!
• Which organ system exchanges oxygen
and carbon dioxide between the body and
the external environment?
A muscular
B immune
C digestive
D respiratory
Need to Know
• Explain one benefit and one harmful effect
of inflammation in our bodies’ organ
systems. Use complete sentences and cite
evidence from the text to explain your
answer.
Objectives
• Explain the basic functions of a major
organ system. (SPI0707.1.3)
42. Nervous and Endocrine Systems (one page)
Nervous System (pg. 282-295)
•
•
The nervous system acts as the body’s central
command post.
Two basic functions:
1. Gather and interpret information from inside your
body and from the world outside.
2. Respond to that information as needed.
•
Two parts of the nervous system:
1. Central nervous system (CNS)- brain and spinal cord
2. Peripheral nervous system (PNS)- connects all parts
of the body to the CNS and uses nerves to carry
information between your body and the CNS.
Nervous System (pg. 282-295)
Peripheral Nervous System:
• Messages about your environment travel through the
nervous system along neurons.
• A neuron is a nerve cell that is specialized to transfer
messages in the form of fast-moving electrical energy
or impulses.
Nervous System (pg. 282-295)
Peripheral Nervous
System:
• A nerve is a collection
of nerve fibers
(axons) through
which impulses travel
between the CNS
and the other parts of
the body.
A message from the brain travels down the
spinal cord, then along the axon of a motor
neuron inside a nerve to the muscle. The
message makes the muscle contract.
Nervous System (pg. 282-295)
Central Nervous System:
• The brain is the mass of nerve tissue that is the
main control center of the nervous system.
• Three main parts of the brain:
1. Cerebrum- largest part of the brain where you think
and where most memories are stored; controls
voluntary movements and allows you to sense touch,
light, sound, etc.
2. Cerebellum- second largest part of the brain that
allows the brain to keep track of your body’s position,
such as balance.
3. Medulla- connects to your spinal cord and controls
involuntary processes, such as blood pressure and
heart rate.
Nervous System (pg. 282-295)
Central Nervous
System:
• The spinal cord
carries information
to and from the
brain.
• Vertebrae protect
the spinal cord.
• BrainPop- Nervous
Endocrine System (pg. 296-299)
• The endocrine system is a collection of glands and groups of cells
that secrete hormones that regulate growth, development, and
homeostasis.
• A gland is a group of cells that make special chemicals for the body.
• A hormone is a chemical messenger that flows through the
bloodstream to all parts of the body.
• Epinephrine (adrenaline) is released from the adrenal gland, which
increases your heartbeat and breathing rate.
• When you are frightened, angry, or excited, this “fight-or-flight”
response prepares you to fight the danger or run from it.
• BrainPop- Endocrine
Drawings
• For each body system, draw and color at
least one organ that belongs in that body
system.
• For example:
– Nervous System= brain, spinal cord, nerves
– Endocrine System = the different glands
• Use your textbook pictures or the sample
sheet in the folder at your group.
Human Body Books
Interesting Facts
Nervous System:
• Male canaries sing a new song
every year. Male canaries replace
old brain cells related to song
production with new neurons each
spring. In the spring, the brain-cell
clusters associated with
vocalization grow larger. So,
males compose their new
melodies and females learn to
recognize the males by their new
songs.
• Long-term memory enables us to
recall events that happened to us
long ago. These memories can be
triggered by a stimulus, such as a
song or a smell, or they can be
deliberately recalled. Recalling
memories helps us to refresh
them and makes them last a
lifetime.
• Fainting is often caused by
suddenly low blood pressure and
insufficient blood flow to the
cerebrum.
Endocrine System:
• Epinephrine occurs naturally in
the body, but it is also
administered as a drug by
doctors. It can be injected into
the heart to help revive a
person who has suffered from
a heart attack.
• The pancreas makes two
different hormones, insulin and
glucagon. If the pancreas does
not make enough insulin, the
person will have a condition
called diabetes.
• Another hormone imbalance is
when a child’s pituitary gland
doesn’t make enough growth
hormone.