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Download Leaving Cert Biology Notes - Genetics Definitions
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Leaving Cert Biology Free Notes Genetics Definitions Genetics Definitions Alleles Different forms / of a gene Anti-codon Group of three bases on tRNA Artificially Fertilised Cell Diploid nucleus / into ovum without nucleus Codon Group of three bases on mRNA Diploid A nucleus having two sets / of chromosomes (NOT having pairs) DNA Profiling Examining DNA / for a pattern or band(s) / to compare DNA Replication Making a copy / of DNA DNA Replication Making a copy / of DNA Dominant Gamete An allele / that masks its (recessive) partner or is always expressed if present Inheritable change in a population (or species) / in response to a change in the environment / by natural selection / over time Haploid male or female sex cell Gene Unit of inheritance or length of DNA that code for a protein Gene Unit of inheritance or length of DNA that code for a protein Gene expression When a gene is switched on and produces its characteristic or protein Genetic Engineering Manipulation or alteration / of genes or of genotypes Genetic Engineering Manipulation or alteration / of genes or of genotypes Genetic Screening Testing (people) for the presence or absence / of a specific gene Genetic Screening Testing (people) for the presence or absence / of a specific gene Genotype Genetic make-up Haploid A nucleus / having one set of chromosomes Heredity Passing of genetically controlled characteristics from parents to offspring Alleles / different Evolution Heterozygous Homologous Structures Homozygous Incomplete dominance Same structure / modified for different functions e.g. Pentadactyl limb – arm in human wing in bird, flipper in whale Identical / alleles [accept identical genes] Independent Assortment (Law of) Junk DNA Phenotype of heterozygous individual / is intermediate between the two characters e.g. RW = pink in carnations Either member of a pair of alleles / can combine with / either member of another pair of alleles / in gamete formation Non-coding DNA Linkage Genes / on the same chromosome mRNA Messenger RNA carries information from gene to ribosome Page 2 of 3 Mutation Change in / genetic makeup or in DNA Phenotype Physical appearance of genotype or result of genotype + environment Protease An enzyme that digests proteins Recessive Allele / whose expression is masked by / dominant allele rRNA Ribosomal RNA binds mRNA to ribosome Segregation (Law of) Only one member / of a pair of alleles / enters a gamete Sex Linkage Gene located on a sex (or X or Y) chromosome Species Interbreeding results in / fertile offspring Transcription Making of mRNA / using the DNA template Transcription Making of mRNA / using the DNA template Translation Making a protein using mRNA code Translation Making a protein using mRNA code Triplet Group of three bases on DNA which code for an amino acid tRNA Transfer RNA brings specific amino acids to the ribosomes Variation Differences between / members of a species or population For more comprehensive Leaving Cert Revision Notes Click Here…. Leaving Cert Biology Notes Page 3 of 3