Download Biological ideas relating to genetic modification

Biological ideas relating to
genetic Variation
Vocab Loop
dominant
An allele that is always
expressed when present
genotype
The combination of the two alleles
that an organism has for a particular
gene. (The type of genes you have)
heterozygous
Having two different alleles
for a particular gene
homozygous
Having two of identical
alleles for a particular gene.
phenotype
The characteristics of an
organism produced by a
particular genotype.
recessive
An allele which is only
expressed if the dominant
allele is absent
zygote
A fertilised egg..
variation
The differences
between individuals
punnet square
A diagram used to predict the phenotype
and genotypes ratios of offspring by
showing how the alleles combine
together.
meiosis
Cell division which produces
sex cells. Results in four unique
haploid cells.
chromosome
Thread like structures bearing
genes that are found in the
nucleus of a cell.
triplet
A sequence of three
nucleotides found on a DNA
strand
asexual
reproduction
Reproduction of identical
offspring from a single parent.
No gametes are involved.
inheritance
The passing on of traits from
generation to generation.
DNA replication
The process whereby DNA
makes an exact copy of
itself.
pedigree chart
A chart which shows how
genes are inherited.
trait
A feature whose appearance
is determined by genes.
Base Pair
The two bases making up
each ‘Rung’ of DNA. A – T
and C - G
pure breeding
Organisms homozygous
for a trait.
Sexual
Reproduction
Form of reproduction which involves
the fusion of two gametes from two
parents. Produces variation in
offspring.
genetic code
The genetic information
held in DNA
mutation
A change in the sequence
of bases in DNA
base
One of four chemicals which
make up the ‘rungs’ of DNA.
A,T,C and G
nucleotide
A molecule containing a sugar,
a phosphate, and a base.
offspring
An individual formed by either
asexual or sexual reproduction.
gamete
A sex cell: A cell that has to join with
another gamete to form a zygote before
further development can occur.
mitosis
The type of cell division that
produces two identical daughter
cells from one parent cell.
gene
A length of DNA carrying
the code for one feature.
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid. A molecule found
in the nucleus of a cell which codes for an
individuals genetic make up.
allele
One of a number of possible
forms of a gene. Each
characteristic has two alleles.
THE END!!!