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Transcript
Biological ideas relating to genetic Variation Vocab Loop dominant An allele that is always expressed when present genotype The combination of the two alleles that an organism has for a particular gene. (The type of genes you have) heterozygous Having two different alleles for a particular gene homozygous Having two of identical alleles for a particular gene. phenotype The characteristics of an organism produced by a particular genotype. recessive An allele which is only expressed if the dominant allele is absent zygote A fertilised egg.. variation The differences between individuals punnet square A diagram used to predict the phenotype and genotypes ratios of offspring by showing how the alleles combine together. meiosis Cell division which produces sex cells. Results in four unique haploid cells. chromosome Thread like structures bearing genes that are found in the nucleus of a cell. triplet A sequence of three nucleotides found on a DNA strand asexual reproduction Reproduction of identical offspring from a single parent. No gametes are involved. inheritance The passing on of traits from generation to generation. DNA replication The process whereby DNA makes an exact copy of itself. pedigree chart A chart which shows how genes are inherited. trait A feature whose appearance is determined by genes. Base Pair The two bases making up each ‘Rung’ of DNA. A – T and C - G pure breeding Organisms homozygous for a trait. Sexual Reproduction Form of reproduction which involves the fusion of two gametes from two parents. Produces variation in offspring. genetic code The genetic information held in DNA mutation A change in the sequence of bases in DNA base One of four chemicals which make up the ‘rungs’ of DNA. A,T,C and G nucleotide A molecule containing a sugar, a phosphate, and a base. offspring An individual formed by either asexual or sexual reproduction. gamete A sex cell: A cell that has to join with another gamete to form a zygote before further development can occur. mitosis The type of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells from one parent cell. gene A length of DNA carrying the code for one feature. DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid. A molecule found in the nucleus of a cell which codes for an individuals genetic make up. allele One of a number of possible forms of a gene. Each characteristic has two alleles. THE END!!!
