Download Cell Organelles PP File

Organelles
Of the Cell
1
Nucleus
 Appearance:
Large oval
 Location: varies;
in cytoplasm
 Function: Control
center for all cell
functions
2
Cytoplasm

Appearance:
Clear Fluid

Location: Inside
the cell

Function:
Suspends
organelles; site
of chemical
reactions
3
Nucleolus

Appearance:
Round structure
inside the nucleus

Location: Inside
the nucleus

Function: Site of
RNA synthesis;
Produces
ribosomes
4
Plasma (Cell) Membrane

Appearance:
Surrounds the cell

Location:


Plant = inside the cell
wall

Animal = outer layer

Semipermeable

Composed of lipids
and proteins
Function: controls
materials passing into
and out of cell
5
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum (Rough ER)

Appearance: mesh
of hollow
passageways with
ribosomes attached

Location: Connected
to nucleus and the
plasma membrane

Function: Acts like a
conveyer belt
transporting proteins
out of cell
Rough ER
6
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum (Smooth ER)

Appearance:
Mesh of hollow
passageways

Location:
connected to
nucleus and
plasma
membrane

Function:
produces lipids;
transports lipids
7
Ribosomes

Appearance;
small round
granules

Location: Free in
the cytoplasm;
attached to the
ER

Function:
synthesize proteins

Proteins made are
used by the cell or
moved out of the
cell and used by
other cells
8
Golgi Apparatus (body)

Appearance:
flattened sacs

Location: Near the
ER

Function: Temporary
storage; packaging
and secretion of
proteins (hormones,
enzymes) and lipids
(fats)

Produces lysosomes
9
Mitochondria

Appearance: usually
bean shaped with
folded membranes
inside for greater
surface are = more
energy

Location: in
cytoplasm; many
mitochondria in cell if
cell is active

Function: powerhouse
of the cell; produces
energy (glucose 
ATP)
10
Vacuoles

Appearance: cavities
filled with fluids

Location:


Plant: usually one large
water filled vacuole
(maintains structure)

Animals: many tiny
vacuoles called
vesicles
Function: storage of
water, fats, starch, etc.

Two types

Contractile vacuole:
removes excess water
and wastes

Food vacuole: breaks
down/stores food
11
12
Lysosomes

Appearance: Egg-shaped,
membrane bound structure

Produced by the Golgi Bodies

Location: ONLY found in
animal cells

Function: contains digestive
enzymes that break down
molecules

Aids in the digestion of nutrients

Break down destructive cells
(bacteria)
13
Cytoskeleton



Appearance:
Network of thin,
fibrous proteins
(microtubules and
microfilaments)
Location: entire cell
Function: Act as a
sort of scaffold to
provide support for
organelles

Helps maintain cell
shape
14
Microfilaments

Appearance: Long,
thread-like proteins

Location: a part of
the cytoskeleton

Function:
Associated with
muscle contractions
in large organisms
 Associated
movement
with cell
15
Microtubules



Appearance:
Thin, hollow
cylinders of
protein
Location: Part of
the cytoskeleton
Function:
Provides shape
and rigidity to the
cell

Assists organelles
to move from
place to place
16
Cilia
17

Appearance: thin
hair-like projections

Location: Formed
from specialized
microtubules
 Attached
of cell

to outside
Function: aid in
movement and
locomotion (Intestinal
cells)
Flagella

Appearance:
whip-like tails

Location:
Formed from
specialized
microtubules


Attached to
outside of cell
Function: Aid in
movement and
locomotion
(sperm)
18
Chromatin

Appearance:
strings of
“spaghetti”

Location: Inside
nucleus

Function:
Uncoiled DNA;
involved in
duplicating the
cells

Coils into
chromosomes
during cell
division
19
Chromosomes

Appearance:
coiled
chromatin

Location:
inside nucleus

Function:
contains
genetic
information
(DNA)
20
Centrioles

Appearance:
two small
structures

Location:
Found outside
the
centrosome
(only in animal
cells)

Function:
Moves
chromosomes
during cell
division
21
Plastids (only in plant cells)

Appearance:
varies

Have own DNA

Location: ONLY in
plants

Function: based on
type: Leucoplast
(stores starch);
chromoplasts
(stores pigments);
chloroplast (stores
chlorophyll for
photosynthesis)
22
Chloroplast

Appearance:
small, circular
green
(contains
chlorophyll green
pigment)

Location:
Only in plants

Function: Site
of
photosynthesis
23
Cell Wall


Appearance:

made of cellulose

Rigid, strong, stiff structure
Location:


Surrounds the cell membrane (only in plants)
Functions:

Support and protection

Allows water, oxygen, carbon dioxide to pass into
and out of the cell
24
Note:

All the organelles work together!
 For
example, after some proteins are
made by the ribosomes, the rough ER
transports these proteins to the Golgi
apparatus, then the Golgi makes
vesicles that can fuse with the cell’s
plasma membrane to release proteins
to the environment outside the cell or
used within the cell.
25
26
27
28
microfilaments
Golgi apparatus
Smooth ER
Ribosomes
29
Nucleolus
Centrioles
Lysosome
Mitochondria
Chromatin
Microtubule
Rough ER
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Vacuole
Ribosomes
Microtubules
Plastid
Nucleolus
Central water
vacuole
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Chromatin
Golgi apparatus
Smooth ER
Chloroplast
Microfilaments
30
Nucleus
Rough ER
Cell wall