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Download Chapter 11 Worksheet 2 The action potential: Fill in the blanks. The
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Chapter 11 Worksheet 2 The action potential: Fill in the blanks. The dendrites receive signals from messenger molecules released from adjacent neurons called _________________________________. These molecules bind to receptors that act as ______________ gated ion channels. When these channels open they allow ions to flow in or out which produces small changes in the membrane around the receptors, known as ______________________________. These changes can be positive/_______________________ or negative/___________________________. The threshold potential of the neuron membrane is _______ mV, which requires a change of ______ mV from the resting membrane potential of _________ mV to generate an action potential When enough neurotransmitter is released onto the dendrites to reach the threshold potential, ____________-gated _____ channels in the ___________________________ are opened, allowing _______ ions to move ________ the cell, causing the membrane to become more ________________ inside which results in a/an ___________________________________. This depolarization of the membrane causes ____________-gated _____ channels in the membrane further down to open which causes it to depolarize. This sequential depolarization allows the action potential to flow like a ___________ down the axon all the way to the ___________________________. After depolarization, the membrane potential raises to _______ mV at which point the voltage-gated ____ channels close and __________ -gated ______ channels open. This allows _______ to flow _______ of the cell which makes the inside of the neuron more ___________________ again. This action is called __________________________________________ and brings the membrane potential back down to ________ mV, at which point the ________-gated _______ channels close. If the membrane potential falls below the resting membrane potential, called _____________________, it is restored back to normal by the _____________________ leak channels and the ___-___ pump. After an action potential, the neuron cannot generate another action potential because _____ channels are inactivated. This period is called the ________________________________ period. This also insures that the action potential always flows from the ___________________ to the _____________________ and not back up the axon. When the action potential reaches the axon terminal it causes the release of _____________________. A. Depolarization B. Repolarization C. Refractory period D. Resting membrane Potential E. Threshold potential F. V-G Na+ channels open G. V-G Na+ channels close H. V-G K+ channels open I. V-G K+ channels close Mark these values on the Membrane potential axis. -70 mV -55 mV 0 mv +30 mV Membrane potential Using the information above and your text book, label the diagram below using the terms provided Time Local (graded) potentials can be _____________________ (EPSP) or ________________________(IPSP) Ion Na+ K+ Ca2+ Cl- Flow across membrane makes inside more + or - Creates Excitatory or Inhibitory local potentials Schwan cells produce myelin which insulates the axons in the peripheral nervous system. This insulation allows action potentials to travel up to 30 times faster in myelinated axons compared to naked axons. Using the textbook, describe what each of these diagrams is depicting: Describe how myelin speeds up the action potential. What is the name given to this process? Which is faster? A small diameter myelinated axon or a large naked axon? Why? How does the brain code for the intensity of a stimulus if every action potential is the same height?