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5 pts 1. What is the micromolcule of nucleic acids? Nucleotide 2. Name the 2 macromolecules of nucleic acids. RNA, DNA 3. What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide? Phosphate group, 5 carbon sugar, nitrogenous base 4. Name the sugar found in RNA. Ribose 5. Name the sugar found in DNA. Deoxyribose 6. What is the structural difference between ribose and deoxyribose? Deoxyribose is missing an O on the 2’ carbon 7. Name the nitrogenous bases found in DNA. Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine 8. Name the nitrogenous bases found in RNA. Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine 9. Name the purines. Guanine, Adenine 10. What are Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil called? Pyrimidines 11. Name the most important nucleotide. ATP -adenosine triphosphate 12. Name the parts of ATP. Adenine base, ribose sugar, three phosphate base 13. What is ATP used for? To supply energy for your body’s chemical reactions 14. Name the three states of ATP. ATP, ADP, AMP 15. How does ATP supply energy for your body? Phosphate group is removed (high energy bond is broken) 10 pts 16. Where can ADP and AMP be recharged? Mitochondria 17. How does the mitochondria recharge ADP and AMP? It adds on phosphate groups 18. How many phosphate groups are on ADP? How many on AMP? 2,1 19. Name two other nucleotides. NAD & FAD 20. What are these two other nucleotides? Coenzymes 21. What does RNA stand for? Ribonucleic acid 22. What does DNA stand for? Deoxyribonucleic acid 23. What are RNA and DNA composed of? Long chains of nucleotidesmillions! 24. Name the reaction which combines nucleotides together. Condensation 25. What is the name of the structure which DNA assumes? Double Helix 26. What holds the two strands of nucleotides together in DNA? Hydrogen bonding 27. Where does hydrogen bonding take place in DNA? Between nitrogenous bases 28. Name the nitrogenous base pairing in DNA and how many hydrogen bonds you would find between each. Adenine & Thymine = 2 bonds Guanine & Cytosine = 3 bonds 29. What nitrogenous base is used in RNA in place of Thymine found in DNA? Uracil 30. What is the structural difference between purines and pyrimidines? Purines are a 2 ring structure, pyrimidines are a 1 ring structure 15 pts 31. Who discovered the shape of DNA? Watson & Crick 32. In a DNA double helix, what are the side-rails of the ladder composed of? Alternating phosphate groups and sugars 33. What are the rungs of the DNA ladder composed of? Nitrogenous bases 34. How does DNA ultimately determine how an organism will look? By the proteins it builds The End