Download Nucleic Acid review

5 pts
1. What is the micromolcule of
nucleic acids?
Nucleotide
2. Name the 2 macromolecules
of nucleic acids.
RNA, DNA
3. What are the 3 parts of a
nucleotide?
Phosphate group,
5 carbon sugar,
nitrogenous base
4. Name the sugar found in
RNA.
Ribose
5. Name the sugar found in
DNA.
Deoxyribose
6. What is the structural
difference between ribose
and deoxyribose?
Deoxyribose is
missing an O
on the 2’
carbon
7. Name the nitrogenous
bases found in DNA.
Adenine,
Thymine,
Guanine,
Cytosine
8. Name the nitrogenous
bases found in RNA.
Adenine,
Uracil,
Guanine,
Cytosine
9. Name the purines.
Guanine,
Adenine
10. What are Cytosine,
Thymine, and Uracil called?
Pyrimidines
11. Name the most important
nucleotide.
ATP -adenosine
triphosphate
12. Name the parts of ATP.
Adenine base,
ribose sugar,
three phosphate base
13. What is ATP used for?
To supply energy
for your body’s
chemical reactions
14. Name the three states of
ATP.
ATP, ADP, AMP
15. How does ATP supply
energy for your body?
Phosphate group is
removed
(high energy bond
is broken)
10 pts
16. Where can ADP and AMP
be recharged?
Mitochondria
17. How does the mitochondria
recharge ADP and AMP?
It adds on
phosphate groups
18. How many phosphate
groups are on ADP? How
many on AMP?
2,1
19. Name two other nucleotides.
NAD & FAD
20. What are these two other
nucleotides?
Coenzymes
21. What does RNA stand for?
Ribonucleic acid
22. What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
23. What are RNA and DNA
composed of?
Long chains of
nucleotidesmillions!
24. Name the reaction which
combines nucleotides
together.
Condensation
25. What is the name of the
structure which DNA
assumes?
Double Helix
26. What holds the two strands of
nucleotides together in DNA?
Hydrogen bonding
27. Where does hydrogen
bonding take place in DNA?
Between
nitrogenous bases
28. Name the nitrogenous
base pairing in DNA and
how many hydrogen bonds
you would find between
each.
Adenine & Thymine
= 2 bonds
Guanine & Cytosine
= 3 bonds
29. What nitrogenous base is
used in RNA in place of
Thymine found in DNA?
Uracil
30. What is the structural
difference between purines
and pyrimidines?
Purines are a 2 ring
structure, pyrimidines are a
1 ring structure
15 pts
31. Who discovered the shape
of DNA?
Watson & Crick
32. In a DNA double helix,
what are the side-rails of the
ladder composed of?
Alternating phosphate
groups and sugars
33. What are the rungs of the
DNA ladder composed of?
Nitrogenous
bases
34. How does DNA ultimately
determine how an organism
will look?
By the proteins
it builds
The End