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Biology 12
Mr. Ciardullo
Name: ________________________ Date: __________ Period: ____
2.7 - Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides
1. What are the two types of 1. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
nucleic acids? 2. RNA (ribonucleic acid)
2. What are two functions of 1. stores genetic information in the cell
DNA? 2. replicates and transmits this information when a
cell reproduces and when an organism reproduces
3. What is the science of altering the genes in living organisms
biotechnology about?
4. What does DNA code for? the order in which amino acids are to be joined to
form a protein
5. What does RNA convey? DNA's instructions regarding the amino acid sequence
6. What are the monomers nucleotides
that make up nucleic acid
polymers?
7. What are the 3 subunits 1. phosphate
of a nucleotide? 2. pentose sugar
3. nitrogen-containing base
8. Label the 3 subunits in the
diagram of a nucleotide at
right
9. What are the names of 1. adenine (A)
the 4 bases found in 2. thymne (T)
nucleotides of DNA? 3. guanine (G)
4. cytosine (C)
10. Which bases have 2 rings adenine and guanine
(called purines)
11. Which bases have 1 ring thymine and cytosine
(called pyramidines)
12. Which base replaces uracil (U)
thymine in RNA?
13. Predict whether it is a pyrimadine - 1 ring
pyramidine or purine
See Figure 2.28 page 40 to
answer the following
questions:
14. What is a linear molecule a strand
of nucleotides called?
15. What is the backbone of alternating molecules of sugar - phosphate
the DNA strand made of?
16. How many strands does a DNA has 2
DNA molecule have? How RNA has 1
many does an RNA have?
17. The 2 strands of DNA are double helix
twisted into shape
called a ...?
18. In DNA, adenine always adenine - thymine
bonds with ...? and guanine guanine - cytosine
always bonds with...?
19. What kind of bonds hold hydrogen bonds
the complementary bases
together?
20. How many hydrogen bonds adenine - thymine have 3
are there between adenine guanine - cytosine have 2
and thymine? Between
guanine and cytosine?
21. What does ATP stand for, Adenosine triphosphate
and where does the name Adenosine = adenine plus ribose
come from? triphosphate because it has three phosphate groups
22. What are 2 functions of 1. monomers of nucleic acids
nucleotides in cells? 2. energy carriers in cells
23. What is the difference it has 3 phosphate groups instead of 1
between ATP and the
nucleotide it is based on?
24. Draw an ATP molecule
25. Where is the energy In the bonds between the phosphate groups
stored in an ATP molecule?
26. What is ATP called when it ADP (adenosine diphosphate)
loses a phosphate group?
27. List 3 ways in which the 1. used to synthesize macromolecules such as
energy from ATP
carbohydrates and proteins
breakdown is used in cells 2. in muscle cells it is used to stimulate muscle
contractions
3. in nerve cells it is used for the conduction of nerve
impulses
28. From your knowledge of in the mitochondria
cell structures, where in
the cell is ATP broken
down to produce energy?
29. In what kinds of cells muscle cells and nerve cells
would you expect to see a
lot of mitochondria?