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AS Biology Unit 2 Module 1: Molecules, biodiversity, food and health OCR Nucleic Acids Understanding the structure of nucleic acids allows an understanding of their role in the storage of genetic information and the functioning of the cell. Key Words Nucleotide. Nucleic acid. Polymer. DNA. RNA. Nucleus. Eukaryote cell. Nucleus. Condensation. Protein. Deoxyribose. Thymine. Organic base. Monomer. Covalent bond. Ribose. Adenine. Guanine. Cytosine. Uracil. Ribose. Purine. Pyrimidine. Polynucleotide. Hydrogen bond. Double helix. Complementary. Base-pairing rules. Interphase. Chromatid. Semi-conservative replication. Transcription. Messenger RNA. Ribosomal RNA. Transfer RNA. Ribosome. Amino acid. Polypeptide. Peptide bond. Primary structure. Secondary structure. Tertiary structure. Gene. Chromosome. Allele. You should be able to: State that deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polynucleotide, usually double-stranded, made up of nucleotides containing the bases adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G). State that ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polynucleotide, usually single-stranded, made up of nucleotides containing the bases adenine (A), uracil (U), cytosine (C) and guanine (G). Describe, with the aid of diagrams, how hydrogen bonding between complementary base pairs (A to T, G to C) on two antiparallel DNA polynucleotides leads to the formation of a DNA molecule and how the twisting of DNA produces its ‘double-helix’ shape. Outline, with the aid of diagrams, how DNA replicates semi-conservatively, with reference to the role of DNA polymerase. State that a gene is a sequence of DNA nucleotides that codes for a polypeptide. Outline the roles of DNA and RNA in living organisms (the concept of protein synthesis must be considered in outline only). Recommended reading Core Text Book Pgs 116-121 Toole & Toole, 4th Ed. Pgs 109-118 NAS Molecules and Cells Pgs 19-30