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Transcript
The Story of DNA vs. RNA A tale of two Nucleic Acids DNA ► Deoxyribonucleic Acid ► Made up of five kinds of atoms § Phosphorous § Carbon § Nitrogen § Oxygen § Hydrogen ► How did we find out that DNA was the molecule responsible for inheritance? Hershey and Chase’s experiment. ► There are only four bases in DNA § Adenine § Thymine § Guanine § Cytosine ► The base pairs always follow certain rules § Adenine always pairs with Thymine § Cytosine always pairs with Guanine A T and G C DNA Replication ► Making an exact copy of itself ► Always follows the base pair rules ► Happens before Mitosis and Meiosis The Genetic Code ► What is the Genetic Code? ► Why does it matter to you? ► The Genetic Code controls the production of proteins. § Proteins help to determine the size, shape and many other traits of an organism. ► The order of the nitrogen bases along a strand of DNA determine the type of protein that will be produced Protein Synthesis ► The process that transforms information on a gene to a protein ► How can you tell your DNA is different than that of someone else? RNA ► Ribonucleic Acid § Ribose sugar not Deoxyribose ► Four Bases § Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Uracil (replaces Thymine) ► Three Kinds of RNA § Messenger, Transfer, Ribosomal ► Transcription movie Messenger RNA (mRNA) ► Takes message from the gene (DNA) to the ribosome in the cytoplasm Transfer RNA (tRNA) ► Carries the amino acid to the growing protein chain ► Each tRNA is specific for an amino acid Mutations ► Changes to the DNA or RNA sequence ► Can be wrong base, addition of a base or subtraction of a base § Point Mutation, Frame Shift, Deletion ► A mutation makes cells produce incorrect proteins ► Some mutations helpful, some hurtful, some it makes no difference Talk to your neighbor ► How could a mutation be helpful? ► How could a mutation be hurtful? Questions? The End
