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Transcript
The Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria: Operons • Regulation of enzyme activityfeedback inhibition • Regulation of gene expression Operons-the basic concept • Regulated genes can be switched on and off depending on the cell’s metabolic needs • Operon-a regulated cluster of adjacent structural genes, operator site, promotor site, and regulatory gene(s) Operon • Structural gene-gene that codes for a polypeptide • Promoter region-controls access to the structural genes, located between the promoter and structural genes, contains the operator site. • Operator Site -region where the repressor attaches • Regulatory genes-codes for repressor proteins • Polycistronic mRNA-transcript for several polypeptides Repressible vs. Inducible Operons two types of negative gene regulation Repressible Operons • Genes are initially ON • Anabolic pathways • End product switches off its own production Inducible Operons • Genes are initially OFF • Catabolic pathways • Switched on by nutrient that the pathway uses trp: a repressible operon lac: an inducible operon An example of positive gene regulation-cAMP • cAMP exerts positive control • Binds to promoter, stimulating transcription • Dependent on glucose concentration
