Microbiology
... kidneys, and modest endogenous synthesis (Rebouche & Seim, 1998). Carnitine and acylcarnitines are primarily absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine, where they are actively transported into enterocytes and diffuse past the serosal membrane into the circulatory system so they can then be tran ...
... kidneys, and modest endogenous synthesis (Rebouche & Seim, 1998). Carnitine and acylcarnitines are primarily absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine, where they are actively transported into enterocytes and diffuse past the serosal membrane into the circulatory system so they can then be tran ...
The complete nucleotide sequence of the tryptophan operon of
... the regulatory region preceding the first structural gene expanded below. Within the promoter region (trp p_) is an operator site (trp o_) at which a tryptophan-activated repressor protein can bind and regulate transcription initiation (1,2). ...
... the regulatory region preceding the first structural gene expanded below. Within the promoter region (trp p_) is an operator site (trp o_) at which a tryptophan-activated repressor protein can bind and regulate transcription initiation (1,2). ...
Systems Biotechnology of Pseudomonas putida for the enhanced
... Oil-based plastic production processes have given rise to several environmental problems and energy availability. Over the past 30 years, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) have become one of the main sustainable alternatives to replace petroleum-base commodities. These biopolymers have superior features t ...
... Oil-based plastic production processes have given rise to several environmental problems and energy availability. Over the past 30 years, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) have become one of the main sustainable alternatives to replace petroleum-base commodities. These biopolymers have superior features t ...
Elucidating Flux Regulation of the Fermentation Modes of
... It is impossible to complete my PhD study without the help of many people. First of all, I must express my sincerest gratitude to my supervisors, Christian Solem and Peter Ruhdal Jensen. Christian has taught me numerous principles, skills and knowledge in practical as well as theoretical molecular b ...
... It is impossible to complete my PhD study without the help of many people. First of all, I must express my sincerest gratitude to my supervisors, Christian Solem and Peter Ruhdal Jensen. Christian has taught me numerous principles, skills and knowledge in practical as well as theoretical molecular b ...
Glycogen branches out: new perspectives on the role of glycogen
... in the exercise intensity of the protocols. In the studies where moderate-intensity exercise without fatigue is used, the observed increases in fat oxidation may compensate for the reduction in muscle glycogenolysis in the low-starting-glycogen groups, such that glucose transport into the muscle was ...
... in the exercise intensity of the protocols. In the studies where moderate-intensity exercise without fatigue is used, the observed increases in fat oxidation may compensate for the reduction in muscle glycogenolysis in the low-starting-glycogen groups, such that glucose transport into the muscle was ...
Regulation of the phosphotransferase system (PTS)
... Abstract Corynebacterium glutamicum is a Gram-positive bacterium used in the biotechnological production of amino acids. It co-metabolizes most substrates, such as glucose and sucrose. The uptake and concomitant phosphorylation of those two substrates is mediated by the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-de ...
... Abstract Corynebacterium glutamicum is a Gram-positive bacterium used in the biotechnological production of amino acids. It co-metabolizes most substrates, such as glucose and sucrose. The uptake and concomitant phosphorylation of those two substrates is mediated by the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-de ...
pdf
... proteins known to control nitrosating stress in AOB (31), except for one (norQ) of the four required genes for functional NO reductase (28). In contrast, the C. symbiosum genome ...
... proteins known to control nitrosating stress in AOB (31), except for one (norQ) of the four required genes for functional NO reductase (28). In contrast, the C. symbiosum genome ...
Sucrose breakdown in the potato tuber - publish.UP
... In this work different approaches are undertaken to improve the understanding of the sucroseto-starch pathway in developing potato tubers. At first an inducible gene expression system from fungal origin is optimised for the use of studying metabolism in the potato tuber. It is found that the alc sys ...
... In this work different approaches are undertaken to improve the understanding of the sucroseto-starch pathway in developing potato tubers. At first an inducible gene expression system from fungal origin is optimised for the use of studying metabolism in the potato tuber. It is found that the alc sys ...
Chapter 4 - University of Amsterdam
... In mammals certain proteins such as calmodulin, myosin, actin, cytochrome c and histones contain lysine residues that are N-methylated, which is a post-translational modification carried out by methyl-transferases that use S-adenosylmethionine as a methyl-donor (21). Lysosomal degradation of these pr ...
... In mammals certain proteins such as calmodulin, myosin, actin, cytochrome c and histones contain lysine residues that are N-methylated, which is a post-translational modification carried out by methyl-transferases that use S-adenosylmethionine as a methyl-donor (21). Lysosomal degradation of these pr ...
Brock_Naimi_Madina_2014
... Figure 1: Role of Insulin in Glucose Homeostasis ............................................................... 8 Figure 2: Insulin stimulates the PI3K-Akt signaling cascade in skeletal muscle leading to increased glucose uptake....................................................................... ...
... Figure 1: Role of Insulin in Glucose Homeostasis ............................................................... 8 Figure 2: Insulin stimulates the PI3K-Akt signaling cascade in skeletal muscle leading to increased glucose uptake....................................................................... ...
PRODUCTION OF PYRUVATE AND LACTATE BY
... Pyruvic acid and lactic acid are two of the most widely used organic acids in the food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries (Li et al. 2001, Wasewar et al. 2004, Narayanan et al. 2004). Pyruvic acid, also known as 2-oxopropanoic acid, α-ketopropionic acid or acetylformic acid, is one of the most ...
... Pyruvic acid and lactic acid are two of the most widely used organic acids in the food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries (Li et al. 2001, Wasewar et al. 2004, Narayanan et al. 2004). Pyruvic acid, also known as 2-oxopropanoic acid, α-ketopropionic acid or acetylformic acid, is one of the most ...
ABA overlysensitive5 (ABO5), encoding a pentatricopeptide repeat
... root growth of Arabidopsis mutants for sensitivity to ABA. ABA overly-sensitive 5 (ABO5/At1g51965) was identified, and was determined to encode a pentatricopeptide repeat protein required for cis-splicing of mitochondrial nad2 intron 3 (nad2 is one subunit in complex I). Under constant light conditi ...
... root growth of Arabidopsis mutants for sensitivity to ABA. ABA overly-sensitive 5 (ABO5/At1g51965) was identified, and was determined to encode a pentatricopeptide repeat protein required for cis-splicing of mitochondrial nad2 intron 3 (nad2 is one subunit in complex I). Under constant light conditi ...
GLYCOGENOLYSIS AND GLYCOLYSIS IN MUSCLE
... oxygen”) and anaerobic (“without oxygen”). Historically, these terms were developed by scientists, such as Pasteur, who studied glycolysis in yeast and other unicellular organisms in test tubes where air was either present or was flushed out by gassing with substances like nitrogen. Pasteur noted tha ...
... oxygen”) and anaerobic (“without oxygen”). Historically, these terms were developed by scientists, such as Pasteur, who studied glycolysis in yeast and other unicellular organisms in test tubes where air was either present or was flushed out by gassing with substances like nitrogen. Pasteur noted tha ...
Safe micro organisms to use PDF
... For studies of fungal genetics, including inheritance Grows on cornmeal, malt and other agars but may of spore colour and crossing over in meiosis. not transfer readily from one medium to another. White-spore strain may not always grow normally on standard cornmeal agar. ...
... For studies of fungal genetics, including inheritance Grows on cornmeal, malt and other agars but may of spore colour and crossing over in meiosis. not transfer readily from one medium to another. White-spore strain may not always grow normally on standard cornmeal agar. ...
Suitable and unsuitable micro-organisms
... may not transfer readily from one medium to another. White-spore strain may not always grow normally on standard cornmeal agar. ...
... may not transfer readily from one medium to another. White-spore strain may not always grow normally on standard cornmeal agar. ...
Lecture 33 - University of Arizona
... homodimer that catalyzes a phosphorolysis cleavage reaction of the α1,4 glycosidic bond at the nonreducing ends of the glycogen molecule. Inorganic phosphate (Pi) attacks the glycosidic oxygen using an acid catalysis mechanism that releases glucose-1P as the product. ...
... homodimer that catalyzes a phosphorolysis cleavage reaction of the α1,4 glycosidic bond at the nonreducing ends of the glycogen molecule. Inorganic phosphate (Pi) attacks the glycosidic oxygen using an acid catalysis mechanism that releases glucose-1P as the product. ...
Identification and characterization of novel interaction
... C-terminal domain of the α subunit of the RNA polymerase C-terminal domain of the α subunit of the RNA polymerase Adenosindiphosphate Ampicillin Adenosinmomophosphate Ammoniumperoxodisulfate Adenosintriphosphate Bacillus base pair bovine serum albumin casamino acids cyclic Adenosinmomophosphate Cata ...
... C-terminal domain of the α subunit of the RNA polymerase C-terminal domain of the α subunit of the RNA polymerase Adenosindiphosphate Ampicillin Adenosinmomophosphate Ammoniumperoxodisulfate Adenosintriphosphate Bacillus base pair bovine serum albumin casamino acids cyclic Adenosinmomophosphate Cata ...
Glucosamine-Induced Insulin Resistance in Primary Rat
... 142g/day (Felig, Marliss et al. 1969; Gottstein 1979). The second reason for regulating glucose concentration is that glucose is toxic. The amount of glucose in the bloodstream is tightly regulated by actions of insulin and glucagon during fed and fasting states (Flakoll PJ 2000). Insulin, a hormon ...
... 142g/day (Felig, Marliss et al. 1969; Gottstein 1979). The second reason for regulating glucose concentration is that glucose is toxic. The amount of glucose in the bloodstream is tightly regulated by actions of insulin and glucagon during fed and fasting states (Flakoll PJ 2000). Insulin, a hormon ...
Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum for the -threonine
... pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. Its demand has been growing steadily. The most remarkable use of L-threonine is as a feed additive, as recent studies have acknowledged L-threonine as the second limiting amino acid in swine feeds after L-lysine and the third limiting amino acid in poultry fe ...
... pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. Its demand has been growing steadily. The most remarkable use of L-threonine is as a feed additive, as recent studies have acknowledged L-threonine as the second limiting amino acid in swine feeds after L-lysine and the third limiting amino acid in poultry fe ...
Identity elements in tRNA-mediated transcription
... system. An uncharged tRNA can bind to the leader transcript, maintain the antiterminator conformation and thus promote the expression of the operon or gene. A tRNA that is charged with an amino acid on the acceptor arm, however, would not be able to bind and stabilize the antiterminator in the leade ...
... system. An uncharged tRNA can bind to the leader transcript, maintain the antiterminator conformation and thus promote the expression of the operon or gene. A tRNA that is charged with an amino acid on the acceptor arm, however, would not be able to bind and stabilize the antiterminator in the leade ...
Roles of the Methylcitrate and Methylmalonyl
... mankind, but we are only now beginning to understand how it is able to survive and persist indefinitely in the host. Understanding carbon metabolism of the pathogen during infection is key, not only as a source of potential drug targets, but also for elucidating the environment in vivo, so that drug ...
... mankind, but we are only now beginning to understand how it is able to survive and persist indefinitely in the host. Understanding carbon metabolism of the pathogen during infection is key, not only as a source of potential drug targets, but also for elucidating the environment in vivo, so that drug ...
Interactions between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in
... General aspects of regulation of metabolic fluxes Eukaryotic cells derive energy from the oxidation of ”fuel molecules” to yield ATP. Oxidizable substrates include carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Cells are also capable of synthesizing these three types of substrates. The processes of oxidation a ...
... General aspects of regulation of metabolic fluxes Eukaryotic cells derive energy from the oxidation of ”fuel molecules” to yield ATP. Oxidizable substrates include carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Cells are also capable of synthesizing these three types of substrates. The processes of oxidation a ...
Interactions between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in
... General aspects of regulation of metabolic fluxes Eukaryotic cells derive energy from the oxidation of ”fuel molecules” to yield ATP. Oxidizable substrates include carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Cells are also capable of synthesizing these three types of substrates. The processes of oxidation a ...
... General aspects of regulation of metabolic fluxes Eukaryotic cells derive energy from the oxidation of ”fuel molecules” to yield ATP. Oxidizable substrates include carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Cells are also capable of synthesizing these three types of substrates. The processes of oxidation a ...
Understanding the Regulation of Metabolic Enzyme Acetylation in E
... Global protein acetylation is a newly discovered phenomenon in bacteria. Of the more than 250 acetylations reported in E. coli, many are of metabolic enzymes [1-3]. Thus, acetylation could represent a novel posttranslational mechanism of metabolic control. Yet, almost nothing is known about the regu ...
... Global protein acetylation is a newly discovered phenomenon in bacteria. Of the more than 250 acetylations reported in E. coli, many are of metabolic enzymes [1-3]. Thus, acetylation could represent a novel posttranslational mechanism of metabolic control. Yet, almost nothing is known about the regu ...
Multiple RNA regulatory elements mediate distinct
... Pattern formation in the early development of many organisms relies on localized cytoplasmic proteins, which can be prelocalized as mRNAs. The Drosophila oskar gene, required both for posterior body patterning and germ cell determination, encodes one such mRNA. Localization of oskar mRNA is an elabo ...
... Pattern formation in the early development of many organisms relies on localized cytoplasmic proteins, which can be prelocalized as mRNAs. The Drosophila oskar gene, required both for posterior body patterning and germ cell determination, encodes one such mRNA. Localization of oskar mRNA is an elabo ...
Lac operon
lac operon (lactose operon) is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in Escherichia coli and many other enteric bacteria. Although glucose is the preferred carbon source for most bacteria, the lac operon allows for the effective digestion of lactose when glucose is not available. Gene regulation of the lac operon was the first genetic regulatory mechanism to be understood clearly, so it has become a foremost example of prokaryotic gene regulation. It is often discussed in introductory molecular and cellular biology classes at universities for this reason.Bacterial operons are polycistronic transcripts that are able to produce multiple proteins from one mRNA transcript. In this case, when lactose is required as a sugar source for the bacterium, the three genes of the lac operon can be expressed and their subsequent proteins translated: lacZ, lacY, and lacA. The gene product of lacZ is β-galactosidase which cleaves lactose, a disaccharide, into glucose and galactose. LacY encodes lactose permease, a protein which becomes embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane to enable transport of lactose into the cell. Finally, lacA encodes galactoside O-acetyltransferase. Layout of the lac operon.It would be wasteful to produce the enzymes when there is no lactose available or if there is a more preferable energy source available, such as glucose. The lac operon uses a two-part control mechanism to ensure that the cell expends energy producing the enzymes encoded by the lac operon only when necessary. In the absence of lactose, the lac repressor halts production of the enzymes encoded by the lac operon. In the presence of glucose, the catabolite activator protein (CAP), required for production of the enzymes, remains inactive, and EIIAGlc shuts down lactose permease to prevent transport of lactose into the cell. This dual control mechanism causes the sequential utilization of glucose and lactose in two distinct growth phases, known as diauxie.